Frank Norris’ work “Vandover and the Brute” Essay Example for Free

Frank Norris work Vandover and the Brute EssayThe development of internality in Frank Norris work Vandover and the Brute is an interesting reflection of the overnice views that Americans have towards sexuality, promiscuity and the consequences thereof. The importance of this book is that it openly examined this value system in 1914, a time when Vandovers behaviour, even without the lycanthropy, was considered brutish and improper. Yet the American environment was in the midst of the depression sexual revolution as many young women of the 1920s would don clothing that revealed their flesh and boyish haircuts for the holloa Twenties. Again in the 1960s, the next major era of womens rights movements, sexuality would be tied to freedom and women would equate burning their bras and free adore with freedom and independence. This book then is a look at how a young man might start out the values of the community around him without eer being taught directly that sex is dirty and t hat women be somehow degraded when they participate in it. The interesting thing somewhat Norris work, which was published after his death, is that Vandover managed to acquire these misguided notions of sexuality on his own.In the first chapter, the author points out that during his adolescent years Vandovers only female contact was with the housekeeper with whom he was ceaselessly at odds. In addition, because his father would not converse sexuality with him, he was forced to turn to an Encyclopedia Britannica to answers his questions about women and sex. He was subjected to the crude jokes and unconscious sexual immaturity of boys going through puberty, but without a mother, governess or other strong feminine influence to teach him right from wrong.Indeed, if one assumes that the author was in fact trying to make a statement about society rather than just tell a story about a unbalanced young man in the late 19th century, it becomes clear from the very first chapters that one of Norris indictments is against Vandovers father and his unwillingness to talk to his son about the facts of life. In dead, one of the underlying themes through the entire work is the idea that people only hint at their feelings and do not openly discuss the sexual temperament of humanity even though it is a significant portion of their lives.One of the nigh interesting facets of this book is the discussion of Vandovers first sexual encounter and his embarrassment and guilt over it. If the situation had perhaps been handled with some amount of discussion, it might have prevented the events that would later occur, including Vandovers seduction of a good girl, her subsequent suicide, and his eventuality degradation to gambling and alcoholism.The authors message that society needs to quit hiding its own nature and covering for the high class when they engage in reckless behavior is evident mid-book when Haight explains to Vandover that several of the young, classy women at a cotill ion were drunk. Haight tells his friends that society should cry out a spade a spade and that when women of class drink too much they should be considered drunk as much as any man. This doubled criticism of the means by which people receive a sexual education and the double-standards applied to men and women is perhaps the most interesting passage in the book.Another interesting idea that Norris sets forth through the theme of the book and the story itself is that Vandovers sexuality and promisecuity ar to blame for the turn of events for him, including the loss of his family dowery and his new role as a werewolf. Interestingly, rather than geting the concept that Vandovers situation might be a result of his addictive behavior including his sexually predatory nature, his alcoholism and his gambling addiction, the reader is left with the idea that the bad things which happen to him are consequences of his sexuality alone.Though Norris portrays Vandover throughout the novel as a weak-willed individual who is too lazy to work hard and get what he asks out of life, everything in his life is blamed on his sexuality and his want for women of a certain type. The fact that Vandover does not settle down with a fine, upstanding woman, regardless of his feelings for her is seen as an affront to society as a whole. The most important messages about sexuality that are relayed via Vandover and The Brute are the concepts that sexuality exists as it does because people dont talk about it and that there are consequences for sexual behavior.The first concept is perhaps the most intriguing because it still applies now, almost 100 years later. Though we do not have the same(p) level of closed-mouth attitudes toward sex as Vandover encountered, it is not uncommon even in the modern day to find parents of high school students who do not want their children exposed to sex education for fear that the education will lead to promiscuity.Instead of teaching real information regard ing the dangers, both physical and emotional, of beginning a sexual relationship at the wrong time, too many parents concentrate on the Puritanical approach to sex education, associating it with guilt and sin. Young people are not properly educated regarding the safety issues of sex and sexually transmitted diseases continue at epidemic levels when they could be prevented with adequate discussion of the topic. Ironically, as we approach the 100-year mark for the publication, Norris primary criticism of the teaching of sexuality still stands today.

The three major roles of the United States Congress Essay Example for Free

The three major roles of the United States Congress EssayThe coitus is the legislation department of the United States Government. It it is bicameral and is comprised of two chambers, the senate and the house of representatives (English, 2003).The first Article of the constitution sculpts the vital roles of Congress. The ancient role of the United States Congress as the legislative branch of the government is the responsiblity for the fulfill of legislating laws, which is subject for revision and approval. The congress has jurisdiction over monetary concerns, such as a detailed report on the funds and expenditures of the accurate government as well as to impose and collect revenues (Davidson, 2006,). The financial matters also cover the budget for national defense and the welfare of the populace (English, 2003).The congress plays a vital role in National Defense as well, in this regard, the United States Congress has the authority to manage the military, to set rules for th e armed forces to concentrate by and exclusive power to declare war, contrary to popular notion that the presidents or the head of state is the power (Hamilton, 2004). A minor yet in-chief(postnominal) and delicate role of the congress is to check the executive branch of the government called congressional oversight, this is the monitoring, supervision and acquiring control of federal agencies by congressional commitees from twain chambers if an agency is deemed incapable of functioning properly. This power has been exercised since the early days of the congress (Baker, 2000).The power of the United States Congress is vast, from financial issues to laws governing the military. The congress primary role may only revolve around the legislation process, however, its non-legislative roles gives it power to put its hands on issues several issues which only prove that it is more than a law-making body.ReferencesBaker, R.K. (2000). House and Senate, 3rd Etition. New York W.W. Norton.Eng lish, R.M. (2003). The United States Congress. Manchester Manchester University Press.

Emergency preparedness Essay Example for Free

Emergency preparedness EssayEmergency preparedness is a fine art, and the individuals responsible for the planning and preparedness of the emergency response procedures have an fearful responsibility to make sure that they have all the necessary equipment to provide for the people of the community that the hospital serves. If I were the Emergency Preparedness Coordinator for a 300-bed urban hospital, I would be stockpiling things like airway management supplies, batteries, generators, flashlights, gowns, gloves, masks, hazmat materials, post-mortem bags, and sterilization equipment.These items would help in the immediate short term when it comes to helping those in need. To to a fault help in the crisis situation, I would purchase water treatment chemicals, water testing equipment, and washers and decontaminators. This equipment is in addition to the equipment and supplies I would already have on hand. I would also make sure I had various antibiotics on hand. For anthrax, I wou ld make sure to have Ciprofloxacin, Doxycycline, and Amoxicillin on hand.For botulism, I would have antibiotics on hand for wound botulism, though antibiotics are ineffective for food borne botulism. If there were an attack of the plague, I would make sure to have streptomycin or gentamycin on hand. I would try to make sure I had antiviral drugs on hand for smallpox, though smallpox does not have a cure. The main way that financial support is received is through the state governments. The state governments get the federal funding and then disburse it to the local levels.I would also apply for grants in revise to maximize funding to purchase what I needed for my hospital. With the cuts in federal funding, and the rise in prices, the emergency preparedness directors job gets more than difficult. With time and patience, the goal of protecting the public can be accomplished with efficacy and compassion.ReferencesCenters for Disease Control and prevention, (2009). Anthrax Treatment. Retrieved March 8, 2009, from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention wind vane site http//www. bt. cdc. gov/ ingredient/anthrax/treatmentCenters for Disease Control and Prevention, (2009). Bioterrorism Agents/Diseases. Retrieved March 8, 2009, from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Web site http//www. bt. cdc. gov/agent/agentlist-category. asp Chan-Tack, K (2009). Botulism treatment and medication. Retrieved March 8, 2009, from Emedicine Web site http//emedicine. medscape. com/article/213311-treatment McGill, (2009). Treatment. Retrieved March 8, 2009, from Plague Web site http//sprojects. mmi. mcgill. ca/tropmed/diase/plauge/treatment. htmlMedline, (2009). Retrieved March 8, 2009, from Medline Industries Web site http//www. medline. com/AcuteCare/hospitals. asp National Association of County and City Health Officials, (2007). Federal funding for public health emergency preparedness. Retrieved March 8, 2009, from naccho. org Web site http//www. naccho. org/ express/rel eases/upload/SurveyReport_Final. pdf WebMD, (2007 Jan 31). Smallpox. Retrieved March 8, 2009, from WebMD Web site http//www. webmd. com/a-to-z-guides/smallpox-treatment-overview? print=true

Shangri La Hotel Competition and Business Analysis

Shangri La Hotel Competition and commercial enterprise AnalysisIntroduction paradise Hotel is a realism class deluxe Asian hotel arrange which provides services and places for business and leisure travelers according to its Asian standards of hospitality. enlightenment Hotel provides customers with a number of excellent services. to a greater extent specifically, guests may enjoy in high spirits superior elbow room services and resort, facilities such as sauna, Jacuzzi gym, lounge and pub. Moreover, the hotel chain also provides distinguishable and unique products like, The Spa at several hotels and resorts. Through its high quality services, enlightenment receives international awards and recognition from prestigious publications and diligence partners.Historical data promised land Hotels and Resorts was founded in 1971 by the Malaysian-Chinese tycoon Robert Kuok and managed by Westin until January 1983. The headquarters atomic number 18 located in central Hong-Kong. Its na me was inspired by James Hiltons legendary novel Lost Horizon. In 1982 the community incorporates enlightenment Hotel and Resorts.Business Description nirvana Hotel is super recognized for its service h sensationsty. The hotel chain highly supports its mission statement, according to which customers should be delighted each and every eon More specifically, the play along focuses on fling customers an unforgett competent experience by blending cultures, exotic art and lively ambience. . Shangri-La Hospitality has actual five meaning principles respect, humility, courtesy, helpfulness and sincerity. These core principles deal positively affected the successful running of the business and thus they have as a result the creation of pleasant customers and employee relations.The service principles that Shangri-La has positive is consistent to every pastoral they operate. In different words, customers receive the alike level of services and treatment in every hotel no matter th e country of location. This is very substantial as the customers identify Shangri-La hotels as high quality and trustworthy.The company operates 62 deluxe hotels and resorts under the Shangri-La and Traders Hotel brands in Asia and centerfield East. Moreover, the company is willing to expand in Europe and North America. Apart from Shangri-Las causeership and operation of hotels, the company also leases commercial office buildings, retail space, apartments, touchable estate development and operation and golf club ownership and operation.CompetitionCompetition in general is one of the factors that affect companys existence and growth. Even though Shangri-La is one of the top luxurious hotels in Asia, there is still fear from other top companies operate in the diversified hotel management industry. The gainfulness of every company depends on efficient operation because many costs argon refractory and on effective commercializeing. The top three competitors of Shangri-la hotel argonThe Hong Kong and Shanghai Hotels Ltd which also operates in Asia, Australia and North America with 24 deluxe hotels, commercial and residential properties.New World Development is the second competitor of Shangri-La the company develops and invests in properties in Hong Kong, brinyland China, and Southeast Asia. Its property and infrastructure developments embarrass apartments, office buildings, hotels, department stores, roads, and water and power plants.The third competitor is Mandarin eastern Hotel Group which is incorporated in Bermuda and owns, manages and operates 40 upscale hotels in two dozen countries.The 2008 Olympic Games Event has affected Shangri-La Hotel since premium hotels such as Regent, Ritz-Carlton, Hyatt and Sheraton expanded in various cities in China, particularly in Beijing and Shanghai. Since Shangri-La is an Asian Company, it is highly recognized in Asia, the hotel chain had a matched advantage as far as brand aw atomic number 18ness is pertain. H owever, as many prestigious and luxurious hotel custody started expanding in the Asian continent Shangri-La faced more intense competition than before. The primary competitor of Shangri-La could be identified as the Marriott chain, which operates the Ritz-Carlton, Renaissance and Courtyard brands (26 hotels in China and expanding its portfolio to snow by late 2010.)Driving rages in the companyIn format for the company to continue to compete within in the industry, Shangri-La decided on expanding its hotel chain. It went through a rapid expansion in the early 1980s and built 29 hotels over the next decade, and by the end of 1999, it was proclaimed that they were operating 35 hotels within the Asian continent. Shangri-Las management group decided on expanding even more aggressively and therefore took advantage of their current success and raise fund during this period of time for further expansion. As a result during the early 00 Shangri-La began entering new markets through bot h management contracts and owner/operator development. In 2003 Shangri-La Dubai and Sydney were opened.The innovation of core brands of Shangri-La Asia Ltd, including the four-star Traders which was established in 1989, provides luxurious experience and sophistication to the business traveler, Rasa Resort and Spa which was launched in 2006 as a new brand spa provides treatment and relaxation based on Chinese principles, Far Eastern Plaza Hotel and Shang Palace are the forces driving the changes in the industry. These hotel chains provide differentiated and unique products to a niche market.Key Success FactorsThe key success factors of Shangri -La Hotel are the adjacent1. Unique characteristics of Asian hospitality and high luxury quality of service and products offered to its customers2. Differentiated products (spa and treatment in hotels and resorts)3. The use of culture training program in everyday performance More specifically, Shangri-La Care Modules that line out what a serv ice personnel should do and how to serve their customers in the best thinkable wayCare 1 Shangri-La Hospitality from Caring PeopleMaking the guests feel special and important during their stay in the hotel and focusing on the core values of Shangri-Las hospitality.Care 2 Delighting CustomerDelighting guests consistently not just the first time they visit only when every single time in order to achieve srotng customer loyalty.Care 3 Re blot out to Gain LoyaltyThe importance of recuperation when mistakes happen. A well done recovery may be an opportunity to gain further commitment and loyalty, and the other way round if recovery is poor. The five steps to recovery as developed by Shangri-La hotels Listen, Apologies, Delight, Fix the Problem and Follow up.4. Take Ownership.Effective promotion and special offer to attract the customers attention about the Shangri-La hotel. promotion and special offer build long term relationship between Shangri-La hotel and their loyal customer. The promotion and special offer by the Shangri-La hotel include special festival, weekend special, value rate and value vacation.5. Effective process management perspective.This refers to the system used to assist the organization in delivering the service. Shangri-La demonstrates processes elusive in delivering the services provided into six encounters including among others check-in, room encounter, restaurant and breakfast, vacation trip, spa and check out.Check in Encounter Shangri-La stop ups that guests will be served straightaway at the receptionist counter or online.Room Encounter it provides extra room accommodation for guests. For example, they provide extra bed for children under 12 to stay with their parents in the same room.Restaurant and Breakfast Shangri-La provides Childrens Meal Plan this accommodates hotel guests under 12 can enjoy complimentary meals in Coffee Shops and Pool Cafes. spend Trip Specially trained staff is assigned in handling booklets with valuable training concerning rooms, airfare and car rental at popular Shangri-La destinations, in order to make guests planning vacation easier.The Spa provides unique service for treatment activities such as massage, aroma therapy and bathe.Check-Out same as check-in but may be crucial to determine the final out tot of satisfaction.6. The use of effective advertising through television and online commercial7. Compensation and Career reaping this is a driving force for the employees to perform high standard performances within the company and making its employees valuable. If employees are motivated they are willing to provide and make full customers in any circumstances, therefore gain customer loyalty.Resource strengths and competitive capabilities of the companyValuable organizational assetsOrganizational design is an important aspect in every company. Without an organized Chain of Command severe issues could occur in the company. Shangri-Las organizational design consists of five major levels in order to group its employees. More specificallyLevel 1 Divisional ManagerLevel 2 Departmental ManagerLevel 3 Sectional ManagerLevel 4 Front Front-Line SupervisorsLevel 5 Front-Line EmployeesNote Decision comes from the upper level of the structureValuable impalpable assetsThe employees are one of the most important intangible assets of Shangri-La. Therefore, Shangri Las corporate management heavily invests in employee development (to gain know-how asset)Another intangible assets of Shangri-La is its brand name, a synonymous for providing services with the unique characteristics of Asian HospitalityUnique products such as spa and treatments could also be considered as their intangible assetsValuable physical assetOne of the most important and crucial physical assets of Shangri-La hotels are its architectural design externally and internally. Every single hotel of the chain has different characteristics and features that differentiate it from other Shangri-La hotels in th e world. The design of every hotel matches the culture and environment where it operates. For instance, a typical Shangri-La hotel set in lushly landscaped tropical gardens with huge swimming pools that creates an oasis from the urban center thriving business and social center. Moreover, Shangri-La hotels and resorts provide hotel facilities like Airport Transfer, Parking, Foreign Exchange, Non-Smoking rooms, baby-Sitting or Child Care, Facilities for Disabled, Dining and Entertainment, Restaurant, Bar/Lounge, Sports Leisure, Spa, Sauna, Steam Room and fitness Center. They have invested in these assets so as to provide customers with great experience during their stay in the hotel.Competitive CapabilitiesOne of the strongest competitive advantages of Shangri-La hotel is the service quality that is provided to its customer. Shangri-La is an award winning hotel as it is highly praised for offering world class service and gracious hospitality that has earned a reputation of excellen ce throughout Asia.Identifying strongest and weakest points of competitive forcesCompetitive pressures created by the rivalry among competing sellersCompeting with other world class luxurious hotels in the world is a strong competitive force that affects Shangri-la hotels. These other hotels have strong competitive strategies to maintain their position in the market. These hotels also provide the same high quality of service to the same target group.Competitive pressure of new entrantsNew entrants have always been considered as a threat by the existing ones. This is a strong force for the company since they target the same customers in the market.Competitive pressure from the sellers of substitute productsHigh quality Motels and other local hotels are considered to be substitute for Shangri-La. This is a weak competitive force in the company since Shangri-La customers seek for high and unique quality of serviceCompetitive Pressures Stemming from supplier bargaining power and supplie r-seller collaborationSupplier bargaining power is a strong competitive force to Shangri-La hotel. Shangri-La has numbers of different suppliers for example, food suppliers, material suppliers and information suppliers. If these suppliers increase price of goods and services to its customers then Shangri-la would also increase its operating costs .As a result, Shangri-La would increase prices, in order to cover its operating costs. Competitive Pressures stemming from buyer bargaining power and seller-buyer collaboration.Buyers bargaining power is a weak competitive force for Shangri-La Hotel since Shangri-La has a fixed price charge and this cannot be negotiated.Business StrategyStrategy for Expansion to the East and WestThe companys main strategic plan is to incorporate the goal of expanding the Shangri-La brand globally with a strong foundation and reputation for its excellence in Asia, the Middle East, Europe and North America. According to industry analysts, China was one of the most attractive destinations for tourists in 2008 since The Olympic Games were held there. For this particular reason new hotel developments started to pour in the region.Shangri-Las strategy to expand in the East is an asset since their core principles of cultural values matches most of the countries in the Asian market but is still a challenge since most of the luxurious top hotels in the world have the same approach.In general Shangri-La has slow expansion growth in other part of continents like Europe and North America. Nevertheless, it was announced that the company decided to expand its hotel chains in different parts of the world particularly in Europe, North America and Australia as to be able to compete with their major competitors in the market. Even though the company constantly enters new markets, they still maintain and provide its worldwide service quality standards to its customers and ensure that Shangri-Las quality and service standards are translated to new hotels in new markets in order to deliver consistent experience of Shangri-La Hospitality. When Shangri-La enters new markets in new countries, the company brings new cultural understanding and expectations to these markets. This is a challenge for the company since bringing the essence of the brand to new cultures is tough.Another strategy of the company is to enhance Corporate Social Responsibility activities in five key areas Environment, Health and Safety, Employees, Supply Chain Management and Stakeholder Relations.In the Environment section its main focus is in climate change, water use management, waste disposal management, ozone depletion and indoor air quality. Shangri-La has recognized that resource conservation, biodiversity and pollution prevention are ways to maintain a sustainable environment.By providing safe and healthy environment, Shangri-La protects its customers, employees, suppliers and the public. This includes training employees for emergency situation like fire, ea rthquake and any other natural disaster. Also, the company promotes wellness program to amend the health and well-being of the employees.As mentioned before, Shangri-La management recognizes that staff is one of their most important assets and so they are committed to providing reasonably employment opportunities, dignity and staff development. Shangri-La will provide an environment where employees may achieve their individualised and career goals and fair labor practices as to avoid any activity that results in human right abuse.For the company to be able to mange its direct and indirect impacts in the environment, Shangri-La has to work effectively with its supply chain partners. The suppliers need to meet the local legal requirements relating to the environment, human rights and other regulatory work practices. Also, suppliers are expected to be part of the system to ensure that the food served is safe and of high quality.According to CSR all stakeholders include customers, em ployees, members of the communities in which they operate, shareholders and suppliers will engage in a clear, true and respectful way to the company.SWOT AnalysisStrengthsBrand recognitionUnique services and products quality (Shangri-La Hospitality)Expansion network in Asian Continent elevated facilities like the Shangri-La Spa and TraderExpansion globallyStrong suppliers relationshipInnovation of unique productsWeaknessesNot having enough number of hotel chains in Europe and N. America to compete with other luxurious five star hotels operating there.Shangri-La is dependant on other hotel owners companies since it doesnt own all of its hotel chainsOne of the problems that Shangri-Las hotels in China faces is the fact that front-lines employees are uncomfortable in making decisions. Chinese employees are dependent on operational guidelinesOpportunitiesIts market lay in China since China has become the worlds fourth largest economy and one of the most attractive destination as far a s tourism is concernedTraining program facilities to prepare first-line employees to more effectively utilize decision-making authorityThe Olympic Games Events in China increased Shangri-Las salesExpand to other geographic destinationsAcquisition of local hotelsThreatsIntense competitionLocal Hotels are considering forming alliances with international brands to manage and operate the business.Pressure on wages (expanding into high-wage economies)Since Shangri-La is an Asian company and has been operating in Asian territory, its management group is used to having lower labor costs compare to Europe and N. AmericaGlobal recessionSince Shangri-La is expanding with its principles values, its a great challenge for the company to expand beyond its Asian territory where cultures are different. Is the company able to adapt in a different environment..?Target MarketShangri-La Hotel operates in the five class hotels industry associated with luxury and well-being for customers. Hence, the targ et market mostly comes from the upper class. We focus on this section to the two Shangri-La Hotels and Resorts that produce greater profitability to the company.The Golden Sands Resort that is located in Batu Feringgi Beach that is mostly visited by tourists who come from European and Western countries. It is believed that these travelers have high consuming ability compared to local travelers. Therefore, Shangri-La management targeted the tourists that are of higher financial and consuming ability.The target market for Trader Hotel mostly consists of business travelers and those that come from the upper class groups of society. Business travelers can afford to purchase services from high quality hotels as their expenses are accommodated by their companies.Strategic PositioningAll of the hotels and resorts of Shangri-La are located at strategic locations that are frequented by a high number of people, every for business purpose, travelling or other reasons. The location selected usu ally consists of places that are well known for their tourism industry and that are highly visited each year.Business ModelFor the fiscal year ended in December 31, 2006 the management reported that Shangri-La net income was 202.2 million dollars from its services and products. The companys sales continued to improve in 2006 with 1,002.9 million dollars sale compared with 842 million dollar in 2005. The company owns 50 hotels in Asia and the Middle East and more or less of 40 projects under development in Europe and North America. The company employs approximately 18,400 employees worldwide.Shangri-Las case is unusual among international hotel companies since it owns a significant proportion of its hotels,As shown in the table below, Shangri-La performance in the industry seem to improve every year and ascend to better market positioning.Shangri-La Income StatementOur personal Recommendations for Shangri-La HotelImprove and give more emphasis to its employees training program especi ally for the front-line employees to build their confidence and efficiency at the workplace in order to improve its hand to hand interaction with the customers.Having achieved brand market leadership in Asia, Shangri-La should now try to increase the number of hotel chains in Europe, North America and the Middle East.Since Shangri-La emphasizes its cultural values in every hotel chains, Shangri-La should take a closer look of its environment in general, to see if the products and services that they provide match the needs of the customer in general. For example, if Shangri -La operates in foreign destinations like the Middle East, they should adapt to its culture and combine it into their own to avoid conflicts between two different cultures.In general, all of the hotels and resorts of Shangri-La are located at strategic locations that are visited by a high number of people each year, either for business purpose, travelling or other reasons. The location selected is usually places t hat are well known for its tourism industry that are highly visited each year.

Sports Psychology Techniques, Research Design and Methods

Sports psychological science Techniques, Research Design and MethodsShow a overcritical Aw beness of the Theoretical Basis to Applied Sport Psychology Techniques Research Design, Methods and Procedures Used in This Domain, and Practical and Ethical Issues in the Delivery of Sport Psychology.In the enquiry article relating to sports psychology, in particular the achieving of excellence, we raise see that an attempt has been made by the seekers to asses the utilisation of certain psychological phenomena disturbd to positive process to see if they could determine whether or not these factors played a signifi potentiometert part in the success of highly acclaimed professional sportspersons, in particular duty tour golfers. The research involved keystone concepts such as imagery, refinement displace, focus, distraction control and evaluation proficiencys that all pertained to fundamental concepts outlined in findings from sports psychology theory and research. The study itself used a questionnaire from which an interrogate was conducted in the hope of extracting some of the mental processes and preparations of top golfers that were believed to discombobulate become evident in their responses. These interviews were tape record and transcribed according to qualitative research method processes and conventions. The interviews were conducted at the convenience of the sportsperson as it was believed that this would make the process more free flowing as the interviewee would be more focused and inclined to cooperate with the questions. The findings of the research suggested in conjunction with former findings related to the field of sporting excellence that their was clear evidence of the habitude of imagery, refinement view, focus distraction control and evaluation techniques in the interview answers put forward by the sportspersons. It was concluded that an integral part to the psychological phenomena little was the role of commitment and suggestion was made for subsequent research to be conducted into this area.Some of the areas that were drawn out and critiqued deep down the interview pertained to goal setting. Goal setting techniques can be understood as being set by psychologists to put in place the achieving of high levels of endurance in sport (Orlick Partington, 1988). Goals are generally set to focus the individual on desirable target behaviours or performance actions. The focusing on goals or targets is believed to take away nonmaterial and undesirable distractions from the sportspersons conscious perception and produce a well defined path towards acquirement. This can be seen being evident in some of the interview responses as being a clearly defined target. In Banduras model he suggests that there are three major factors at survey in the acquisition of a behaviour or performance. Three key factors are believed to inform the intention towards a desired target in this model. It was suggested that habit of these facto rs could change the intention of a person and consequently change, or shape, their behaviour to a more desirable one (Bandura, 1997). In accordance with other factors a positive attitude towards a desired behaviour would essentially increase the intention towards any goal. To function successfully, the intended goals would ca-ca to be clearly defined. This stamp of clearly defined goals is included and incorporated throughout the methodology of the research article and forms an essential part of the findings according to the model of excellence proposed by Orlick Partington (1988). other factor indicated in research on goal setting is that of unrealistic goal setting and the effects of negative mental attitudes when the goals do not relate to the desired outcome. For instance, unrealistically high goal settings from pressures such as media and peer pressure may lead to a high percentage of failure. This can have a very negative effect on the individuals mental state. For example, in the model proposed by Baumeister (1990) the destructive effects of unrealistic goal setting can be understood in three steps. The first step is a mismatch between circumstance and expectation, leading to unrealistic goal setting. The second stage highlights the negative outcomes of this phenomenon. The third and final step indicates the importance and fragility of the mind if it is not focused. Essentially, to avoid disturbing ideas of failure, the individual negates responsibility for the outcomes of their actions fixing their logic in a very negative and destructive manner (Baumeister, 1990). That is to say, that if the perception of realistic goals is not adjusted then the mind of the individual result begin to apply severely disturbing logic patterns to the process of goal achieving. This is not regarded in the condition of club professionals. Rather than them being simply useable as is concluded, it could be that the negative effects of unrealistic goal setting has distu rbed their focus or commitment. For instance, the individuals may begin to apply the successful achievement of goals to external factors such as luck, and take responsibility for only failed goals (Abramson et al, 1978).Another key concept in achievement is learning. Essentially, objectives are considered to manage goals and goal setting. Fontana (1993) suggests that these objectives can be split into five mental processes. He defines these categories as identifying clearly what packs to be done, plan how we are going to do it, monitor our elevate while we are doing it, assess the extent of our success when we have done it, learn more effectively from the experiences it has offered us (Fontana, 1993). This learning model shows of how goal setting and achieving goals can be utilised through the introspection of the experience gained. We can see from the research article that this idea of learning rather than focusing upon defect is incorporated in the findings. The effects of lear ning can be seen in the formulation and use of educational objectives (Pearson and Tweddle, 1984). This research indicates the benefits of evaluation, reflection and consideration within the landing field of sporting achievement. The notion of learning can also be seen in the role of imagery and the imagination, highlighted within the findings of the interviews. This notion is concerned not only with the role of understanding and the learning of psychological processes after the event, but also the role of psychological processes to begin with the event.Imagery is considered as being directly associated with the pathways of the imagination. This field of research has highlighted the importance of pre-conceived and pre-empted eventualities within the thought processes of the individual. Essentially, it focuses upon the actualisation of possibilities and outcomes within the mind. This would indicate the need for the individual to think in a certain way to achieve the outstrip resul ts. The imagination of sporting techniques is considered a cognitive pathway that can be honed and lead to more confidence and a more successful outcome. For instance, if the individual can visualise success then it is presumed that he/she can gain confidence in the achieving of a successful goal without the actual physical experience unremarkably required in confidence acquisition (Kohler, 1925). We can see that this core idea has been implemented into the methodology of the research. For instance, there is an indication of imagining the ideal put before practising it. Imagery is also believed to help in the preparation for events that can not be prepared for with physical training alone. For instance, improvisation and the applying of insight into extreme deal can be utilised in ways that cannot be accounted for in normal physical training. In this sense the imagination and imagery is a key component in the conceptualising of an ideal action involved in a sporting technique. We can see from the methodology of our study that this notion has been incorporated. For instance, the ideal technique of a swing can be seen in the account that indicates that once the ideal stroke has been accomplished there is no longer a need to practise physically. This imagery can be seen as being indicated by the pro in the success of his action that is then carried out against the imagined goal in the learning manner put forward by Fontana. Imagery and the imagination have the appearance _or_ semblance to be manipulated by the golfers to hone their focus techniques as the methodology of the research article suggests. Focus is understood as being not something that is physically learned, but that is important to success. As we have seen, extraneous variables from the environment can have negative effects on the performance of actions. However, it would seem from the accounts of the tour pros that these extraneous factors have been removed from as they have attained focus.It wou ld seem that this research has backed up the findings of former research. Although, some problems may arise from its use of a confined and pre-determined model of closed questions, it can be say to be valuable. Although this may arouse critical questions of validity, it can be said this research has brought to our attention some of the psychological dynamics associated with achievement, excellence and success within the sporting domain.BibliographyAbramson, L, Y., Seligman, M, E, P., Teasdale, J., (1978) Learned Helplessness in Humans Critique and Reformulation. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 87, 49-74.Bandura, A. (1997) Self-Efficacy The Exercise of Self Control. New York WH Freeman.Baumeister, R, F., (1990) Suicide as Escape From Self. Psychology Review, 97. 90-113Fontana, D., (1993) Managing Time Personal and Professional Development. Leicester BPS Books (British Psychology Society).Kohler, W., (1925) The mentality of Apes. New York Harcourt Brace (Reprint ed., 1976. New York Liveright.)Orlick, T., Partington, J. (1988). Mental Links to Excellence. The Sport Psychologist, 2, 105-130.Pearson , L. and Tweddle, D., (1984) The Formulation and Use of educational Objectives. In Fontana, D. (ed.) Behaviourism and Learning Theory in Education. Edinburgh Scottish Academic Press.

Essay on the Character of Ophelia in Hamlet :: Essays on Shakespeare Hamlet

The Character of Ophelia in Hamlet Ophelia is a beautiful and simple-minded woman, easily molded by the more powerful opinions and desires of others. The thoughts of her father and her brother influenced her the most. The bonk letters from Hamlet also swayed her opinions and confused her mind. Ophelia wasnt able to realize herself because of all the pressures exerted on her to be something shes not. That weakness of mind and will, which permitted her obedience to her father and thus finished her hope for Hamlets love, finally resulted in her insanity and death. When her father had challenged the honor of Hamlets intentions, Ophelia could only reply I do not know, my lord, what I should think (III, iii). Used to relying upon her fathers manner and brought up to be obedient, she can only accept her fathers belief, seconded by that of her brother, that Hamlets holy vows of love were simply designed for her seduction. She was to obey her fathers orders not to permit Hamlet to fo llow out her again. Her father also wanted to prove Hamlets madness to the king. He used Ophelia as bait so he and the king could listen to Hamlets words. Ophelia willingly obligate to her fathers desires. By not thinking for herself and only doing as her father wished, she ruined her chances of love with Hamlet. Hamlet put pressure on Ophelia by expecting her to surpass his mothers shortcomings and be an epitome of womankind. He searched her innocent face for some sign of loving truth that might restore his faith in her. He took her mute solicitude for a sign of her guilt and found her to be a false person, like his mother. In his letter to her, he addressed the letter to the most beautified Ophelia and he terminated the letter with I love thee best, O most best, believe it (II, ii). He used the word beautified to display a sincere tribute, and it is apparent he still loves her. His attempts to win her affection are not triumphant. Ophelia is still too much under the influence of her father to question his wisdom or authority, and she has no mind of her own to understand how much she has made her lover suffer. No matter how much it pained her to not see Hamlet, all she could see in his present behavior is the madness that terrified her.

Candide: A Satire On The Enlightenment :: Voltaire Candide Essays

Candide A Satire On The EnlightenmentWorks Cited Missing Candide is an outlandishly humorous, far-fetched tale by Voltaire satirizing the optimism espoused by the philosophers of the Age of Enlightenment. It is the story of a young mans adventures throughout the world, where he witnesses much evil and disaster. Throughout his travels, he adheres to the teachings of his tutor, Pangloss, believing that all is for the opera hat in the best of all possible worlds. Candide is Voltaires answer to what he saw as an absurd belief proposed by the Optimists - an easy way to apologize evil and suffering. Though he was by no means a pessimist, Voltaire refused to believe that what happens is always for the best.The Age of Enlightenment is a term applied to a wide variety of ideas and advances in the fields of philosophy, science, and medicine. The primary feature of Enlightenment philosophy is the belief that people can actively work to create a better world. A spirit of hearty reform charact erized the political ideology of Enlightenment philosophers. While Voltaires Candide is heavily characterized by the primary concerns of the Enlightenment, it also criticizes certain(a) aspects of the movement. It attacks the idea that optimism, which holds that rational thought can inhibit the evils perpetrated by human beings. Voltaire did not believe in the power of reason to overcome contemporary social conditions.In Candide, Voltaire uses Pangloss and his ramblings to represent an often humorous characterization of the typical optimist. Of Pangloss, Voltaire writes, He proved admirably that there cannot possibly be an effect without a cause and that in the best of all possible worlds the Barons castle was the best of all castles and his wife the best of all possible Baronesses. (522) The attack on the produce that this is the best of all possible worlds permeates the entire novel. Throughout the story, satirical references to this theme contrast with natural catastrophes and human wrongdoing. When reunited with the diseased and dying Pangloss, who had contracted syphilis, Candide asks if the Devil is at fault. Pangloss simply responds that the disease was a necessity in this the best of all possible worlds, for it was brought to Europe by Columbus men, who also brought chocolate and cochineal, two greater goods that well offset any negative effects of the disease. (526)The multitudes of disasters, which Candide endures, culminate in his eventual, if temporary, abandonment of optimism.