Religious Believers Understand More Essay

To discuss this statement first we must look at the definition of understanding. Religious believers and scientists would probably differ in their definitions and therefore disagree from the beginning. A religious person would perhaps say that understanding the world means knowing how to be a good person, how to live a good life and fulfill God’s plan. A scientist would probably disagree, saying that understanding the world is having a wide knowledge and good comprehension of how the world works including theories like evolution and understanding why and how things occur. Another slight problem with this statement is its implication that one cannot be a religious believer and a scientist when in fact there are many religious scientists who seem to have science and religion existing harmoniously in their lives. If we are defining understanding as understanding how to live a good life, then I believe that the Bible and Religious Believers do understand more about the world than Scientists do. Religious Believers have a better understanding of how the universe and mans place in it was set up, but it’s hard for people to understand correctly because it’s not in scientific terms, it’s in myths and metaphors. You can’t see it with our available scientific instruments, it’s something you experience. Religious Believers have direct guidance from their Holy texts, e.g. for the Jewish faith, the Torah on how to live their life. They are taught, by the Ten Commandments, that they are not to steal, not to commit adultery and not to murder. One criticism of scientists is that a number of assumption are made to give parameters to an experiment. Also perception can be fallible, as we expect to see things, so we see them. We don’t expect to see them, so we miss them out. In response to this, in the parable the invisible gardener; where the religious believer trusts that the gardener came but couldn’t be seen and the other (scientist) believing that there couldn’t be a gardener because there was no empirical evidence of this. This shows that even though there was no evidence of the gardener or God they still hold a belief, whereas the scientist had to be proven. Some claim that believers only want hope. Religious Believers hope for the return of their â€Å"invisible gardener†, while New Atheists (Richard Dawkins and his followers) have no expectations of a new life after death, thereforelive their lives without fear of an almighty God smiting them down. In this situation, one could argue that the Religious Believer is playing it safe, however they still understand the world better, in many cases they see it as an almighty being’s creation. In conclusion, I believe that, although Scientists have proof of the age of the earth, and that they have proven many facts of the Earth, They do not have as good guidance as Religious Believers do on understanding life.

Compare and contrast knowledge which can be expressed in words/symbols Essay

It is funny how the universal signs of intelligence are words and symbols or things that contain them. When someone walks past me with a load of books in their hand I immediately think â€Å"oh what a smart and knowledgeable person,† and I’m sure I’m not the only one that makes these snap judgments. But from my point of view it’s understandable that words and symbols are the universal sign of knowledge since we are taught from books and blackboards since our toddler years. Now what I consider knowledge is things that we hold to be true and are able to identify in real life. Teachers have been molding our brains to be able to communicate our knowledge using words since we were little, but as we grow older and we get into secondary school we come to realize that there is knowledge that cannot be expressed through words and symbols. The goal of the International Baccalaureate program is to make students well rounded and knowledgeable in many fields and along with that comes many requirements that other programs do not ask of their students. From my perspective knowledge that cannot be expressed in words and symbols is as important to have as knowledge that can, justifying the CAS requirements. CAS is the International Baccalaureate program’s way of teaching us what cannot be covered in books or lectures. This knowledge can be described in words but only to a certain extent. I think that CAS is a very large contributing factor to why the IB program nurtures well rounded students. CAS pushes students to seek out new activities for the purposes of gaining experiences that would have been otherwise undiscovered. I believe that the key ingredient to knowledge which cannot be expressed in words and symbols is experience. For one of my CAS creative activities I knit scarves for my friends to wear to a movie premier. Through this activity I learned many things that would otherwise be inadequately explained in words. I learned perseverance from powering through all of the arm cramps and headaches brought on by the sight of yarn. I learned about my personal effort limits when I realized that making four scarves in a week’s time was a greatly optimistic prediction of my abilities. I got out from this experience a sense of pride in what I made, a feeling that is much more complex than the â€Å"pleasure taken in something done† dictionary definition. All of these things add up to knowledge that could not have been expressed to me through words and symbols because they depended on my own experience. But CAS is not solely done by physical experience; there is a certain verbal component to it such as reading to understand how to do something. In another personal experience, not done for CAS, I tried to learn how to swim so before I took swimming lessons I read instruction manuals on swimming. When I finally got the chance to test out what I had learned from the manual in a pool I failed miserably. I knew the concept and the process but somehow there was a disconnect between reading and knowing the steps and their physical application. So from this you can see that verbal/textual knowledge is important to have but it is no replacement for experience. In math words and symbols are essentially all that are used, or rather all that can be used. In this area of knowledge there really isn’t any room for non-verbal knowledge. For example, in my math class I am given a problem to solve; the answer is always expected to be written down to show the right answer since there really is not room left to interpretation. It would be quite the task to explain to my teacher how I used my emotions to lead me to the four digit answer. This begs the question: to what extent is verbal knowledge more objective than knowledge that cannot be expressed in this way? Math is an area of knowledge that is for the most part definite and pertaining to the cold hard facts, so any math done has to be based on established and globally accepted theorems and rules. Because of this, there is no room for personal feelings. When solving out problems you have to be able to write it down so that others can understand what you have done to determine if you justified your answer. Knowledge that can be exactly conveyed is needed in order to make sense of the system of numbers and transfer new ideas whereas knowledge that cannot be expressed in words and symbols are more relative to the knower and subject to emotional coloring as everyone perceives experiences differently. With that said math does take a certain degree of subjectivity as exemplified in Newton’s anecdote to the formation of his laws of gravity. It takes a specific person’s creative imagination and intuition to be able to solve difficult problems; then their insightful problem solving methods are adopted. When I was thinking about knowledge that cannot be express by words or symbols ethics came to mind. Ethics is always that area in our human nature that no one is exactly sure of. Rather than the black and white, right and wrong that we find in math, ethics shows us that there are many shades of gray that make it hard for us to explain why, for example, you can think stealing money is wrong but you are perfectly fine with downloading music from torrents. It is apparently hardwired into our nature to find certain things wrong and others our duty, none of which we can fully explain into words or symbols. This kind of moral knowledge is more intuitive than an exact science like math which can be reasoned through proofs. For example, recently someone from the grade below me came to me asking for clarification on an assignment. Now, because I already had the class I understood the assignment and could have explained it to this person, but the problem came when I considered that I have enough things to worry about other than making sure someone understands an assignment that the rest of us had to figure out ourselves. Nevertheless, I explained the tedious assignment to the person because I felt that it was my duty to help the person. This sense of responsibility for helping others is doubtlessly engrained in all of us, or at least the sane, even when it defies reason and we know that we probably will not gain anything from the good deed. But going back to the very basis of this topic some may ask the question: is there really any knowledge that cannot be communicated through language? Some believe that if you cannot put it into words or symbols then it was never an idea or thought to begin with. Their idea is that those moments where people cannot explain how they feel are not caused because the knowledge cannot be expressed in words or symbols but because the experiencer does not have the vocabulary or the eloquence to express it. From another perspective it could also be said because language is a human invention that it is a problem of language where we have not created enough words to express certain thoughts and that after we label these certain thoughts it could then be expressed in words/symbols. Though there may be arguments about the existence of knowledge that cannot be expressed with words and symbols, I still believe that there is. I believe that there is a gap between book knowledge and knowledge gained from personal experience. Words simply cannot replace human experience, as exemplified by my failed attempts to swim after reading about it and being told how. Words and symbols are essential to areas of knowledge such as math and the sciences where knowledge needs to be specifically conveyed so that there will not be any misunderstandings, but in other areas such as ethics words seem mostly inadequate and there is much more room for different interpretations.

Basketball Needs To Be Fixed Essay Research

Basketball Needs To Be Fixed Essay, Research PaperBasketball Needs to Be FixedProfessional and college hoops have become really popular in the Black Marias and heads of many Americans. Millions of dollars a twelvemonth are spent on dress, tickets, and telecasting all generated by people # 8217 ; s love for hoops. But in the last twosome of old ages, both the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) and college hoops have lost a significant sum of their competition and hold caught much criticizim for it. At the bosom of this job is a individual cause, greed. The game of hoops has become all about money alternatively of the game and its fans. This job needs to be addressed, and the best topographic point to get down is with the college participants, or more specifically, the NBA bill of exchange. The regulations and guidelines that pertain to the bill of exchange are greatly at mistake for the down slide of both college and NBA hoops and they need to be changed before the game down sli des into nil.The alterations that need to be made are simple, lowerclassmans should non be eligible for the NBA bill of exchange ; or in other words, if you have old ages of eligibility left, you should non be eligible to be drafted by an NBA squad. What jobs would this work out? The replyis most jobs in basketball today.First, college hoops has paid greatly by losing its most gifted participants to the NBA every bit many as three old ages early. This has resulted in non merely an overall decrease of the game, but in certain fortunes caused the ruin of one time great hoops plans. This is how it happens, colleges recruit participants based on what their demands are or what they will necessitate shortly in the hereafter. So let us state that one school has a great nucleus of sophomore and junior participants for an approaching season. The managers do non hold the demand or the room for many new top notch participants. So all of the top recruits find other schools to travel to. Then, a llow us state that the great nucleus of participants foliages for the NBA, go forthing the squad with mediocre participants and a atrocious season to look frontward to. By the following recruiting period comes about, the school # 8217 ; s repute has been hurt, and so has their opportunities of set downing the top recruits. This continues until the school # 8217 ; s one time proud hoops tradition is a thing of the yesteryear. This state of affairs is non merely conjectural, schools like UNLV, Georgetown, Seton Hall, and Houston have all gone through this procedure and now find themselves at the underside of the barrel.It is non merely the universities that early entry to the NBA injuries, the conference in general takes a immense blow. College hoops markets their squads after their best participants, when those participants decide to travel pro early, the publicity of college hoops is hurt ; along with the overall endowment degree of the conference is lowered drastically. Games bec omeless interesting because the participants are non as talented. This in bend hurts the telecasting webs because people do non like watching games in which they do non cognize who the participants are. And so, that in bend hurts the conference and the schools once more because the webs will non pay every bit much to telecast the games as they one time did.The schools and the conference are non the lone 1s hurt, by go forthing school early trusting to do the large vaulting horses the participants hurt themselves. In the universe that we live in today, if you do non hold a college grade, chances are limited. Look at the statistics, 60 participants are drafted each twelvemonth, and there are merely 360 roster musca volitanss in the full NBA. The opportunities that each participant drafted will do the squad is about an impossibleness. Some people go back to school and seek to complete their grades, but most do non because one time you give up your eligibility, you c annot acquire it back, with agencies most of them can non afford to travel back to school. This leaves a batch of people out of work and with no grade. By maintaining the college participants in school, most will accomplish their grade by the clip that they are ready for the NBA. The donee of the lowerclassmans being allow to go forth early would be the NBA right? It seems that manner, but that is non truly the instance. The job with outlining lowerclassmans is that they are non wholly matured yet, they have non yet received all of the accomplishments that they would necessitate to do the immediate impact that their squads expect them to do. These accomplishments include leading, duty, and adulthood ; these are the thingthat college is supposed to learn them, but by go forthing early they are non given all of the things that they need to be a success.Many of the new participants in the conference develop attitudes of bumptiousness or certitude because of their bill of exchange place or because of the 1000000s of dollars that they are being paid. Suspensions and mulcts for misconduct are at an all-time high in the NBA now and the biggest ground for it is the immature participants who have non been taught the regard and behavior that they need. This gives the N BA a bad name and is get downing to upset a batch of the veteran participants who have made the NBA what it is today.Another thing that the bill of exchange does is that it makes edifice or reconstructing a squad a entire gaming game. Beting 1000000s of dollars on a participant in their early mid-twentiess that squads have no thought if they will be any good, many squads are frequently incorrect and are stuck with a multimillion dollar investing that went rancid. This makes squads take old ages to develop their immature participants, and in the interim their record and fan attending and support go down the tubing. This besides hurts the Television webs because no 1 wants to see second-rate professional squads play, and so that turns about and hurts the squads and the conference because the webs pay less for telecasting rights.Money, is evidently the ground why lowerclassmans leave for the NBA early. If you were 22 old ages old, and person would pay you 90 million dollars to play a g ame that you love, would you drop out of college? The job with this is therising prices of participants wages. When participants are drafted immature, they demand to be paid what they want ; squads pay them 1000000s right out of college. This makes the seasoned participants covetous, and they ask for more money. Then when the following twelvemonth comes about, the form repeats itself, and it # 8217 ; s another downward spiral. That is how participants # 8217 ; wages have rose to absurd bounds. No 1 noticed the job while it was go oning, but now that it is a job there is no existent manner to repair it. In 1996, a cub salary cap was put into consequence by the NBA to set a bound on get downing wages, so some steps are being taken. This is a start, but it is non the reply to the job. If lowerclassmans were non allowed to come out early, high cub wages would non hold to be every bit high, and the participants would likely be more accepting of less money than most cubs are acquiring n ow, and this would assist work out the all-round money job in the NBA.Both the NBA and college hoops seem to be in a rut. And as stated before, they ground is the underclassmen go forthing school early to do money in the NBA. So what # 8217 ; s the solution? Easy, do non allow the college participants enter the NBA bill of exchange early. It would profit everyone in the hereafter. Of class there would be a transitional period, but the losingss would be short and the effects of the alteration would be apparent really rapidly. Let the game be played the manner it was meant to be played, for the competition and non for the money.

Using Adapted SBAR Communication Tool in transitions in patient care Essay

Using Adapted SBAR Communication Tool in transitions in patient care in a long term acute hospital setting - Essay Example ns involved in a certain medical case together so as to create a more progressive intervention process on the part of the healthcare professionals handling the situation of the patients. In the field of healthcare personnel and institution responsibilities, communication plays a great role that affects the entire system’s operations. With the said involvement, healthcare officials giving care to a patient who is under a long-time schedule of medication needs to be well supported through the updates that are sent between the said institutions and even between personnel-to-personnel connection so as to be able to monitor the developments of the patient as they undergo the medication treatments that they are supposed to receive. Usually, medical institutions that are involved in long-time cases of medical treatments are in need of being connected to each other for the sake of continuously being able to communicate together so as to have a background as to how a particular patient fares based on the record of medical development that an individual actually takes into mannered improvement in connection with the medical situation that they have to deal with. Hence, to be able to solve this problem, it is rather important to take into consideration that need to create an effective approach to finding the right process of communication smoothly processed for the sake of the health improvement of the patients being treated. It is believed by the researcher that through this particular study, it could be perceived that the operational use of the SBAR or Situation Background Assessment Recommendation, the process of assisting a patient for his or her faster recovery would become much of an easier task for the medical personnel involved in the said medical cases. Based from researches and observational procedures, this particular paper shall deal with the issues related to the problem in a way that it would be safe way from any ethical issues that may hinder it from

Lifes Graetest Miracle Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Lifes Graetest Miracle - Lab Report Example Life’s greatest miracle is a very informative film that expounds on the basic concept of cell division in human beings. It also provides details on the main stages in the development of the fetus. The main approach taken by Nova in this film focuses on both entertaining and teaching the interested audience. Despite its antireligious philosophy in the opening sentence, the film gives quality science explanation for the great number of science enthusiast. As the cell division progressively takes place in the female’s body, there is a perfect creation of an embryo. There is a closed reaction of the feminine gender on the verge of pregnancy. The change of eating habits is eminent alongside morning sickness. The documentary further illustrates on the embryo’s different stages of development. There is a clear perception on formation of blood vessels in the earliest three weeks. A large brain, a primitive backbone, and the eyes form in four weeks. The cells also turn on genes to transform the growing embryo into the appropriate gender. In this case, X chromosome embryo forms a girl while Y forms a boy. All through the imagery techniques of the photographer, there is an indication of monthly stages of embryo’s development right from the bones, legs, hands amongst other parts. This growth begins in the fourth month up to the final moments of the contraction of the uterus ready for the birth process. In this educational documentary, there is a sharp and extraordinary video presentation quite different from any other theoretical film. The detailed, bright and vivid colours give the right indication of the obstructive view in the real miracle of life. Its Dolby track surrounding makes it one of the few unique science documentaries. The films sound portrays imperative robustness with additional bass, which constitutes its outstanding nature. The plain truth is that

Political ideas, under international relations Coursework

Political ideas, under international relations - Coursework Example It is perhaps better conceived as two aspects of the same thing that can not be separated with clear lines. First, it is a practice or method of government, a set of forms and procedures. Second, it relates to ends rather than means, to an ideal or set of ideals. A direct democracy is a political system in which all citizens are allowed to influence policy by means of a direct vote on any particular issue. However it is impracticable except in a very small polity. Even though it was practiced in Athens, it didn't involve all the people, only adult male citizens. Representative democracy can simply be defined as an indirect democracy in which the people do not themselves govern but elect representatives who govern them. As for the relation between electoral and representative democracy, it will suffice to note that the former is a necessary, though not sufficient, condition of the latter. This is also to say that the concept of representative democracy comprehends electoral democracy; but the reverse is not true. While modern democracies are jointly electoral and representative, an electoral democracy that does not elect representatives is a distinct possibility. The other two notions--direct democracy and referendum democracy--require a somewhat more detailed explication. Although a direct democracy can be simply defined a contrario, that is, as a democracy without representatives and without representational transmission belts, yet this specimen displays subspecies that command separate recognition. Any direct democracy is, in some sense, a self-governing democracy. But we know that the meaning of self-government crucially hinges on the size factor; (Banducci, 1998, 116) so does the meaning and reality of direct democracy. A literal, authentically self-governing direct democracy can be said to exist only with reference to relatively small groups--say, up to assembly-size groups. Beyond the assembly size, the most meaningful distinction is between observable di rect democracy, and a direct democracy whose size escapes direct observability, that is, a greater than observable one. The democracy of the ancients qualifies as observable, for it resolved itself not only in the gathering of the citizens in a single place but in an observable behaviour of the participants. But the magnitude that allows for such observability is in the order of a few thousands. And that order of magnitude already brings about a great deal of indirectness in a direct democracy. Only in part was Greek democracy truly and authentically "direct." And when we come to a greater-than-observable direct democracy, what makes it direct is only, or basically, the inference that it is not a representative kind of democracy. The notion of referendum democracy will help to qualify this last assertion. The original idea of a representative was of a person elected to express or reflect the views of his constituents. (Raphael, 1990, 91) However, this does not seem possible, the rep resentative needs to gather his constituents and get the view of them on every issue. Therefore the representative chosen is not obliged to mirror the ideas of his constituents rather he is elected as a man of good judgement. This is a doctrine often known as Edmund Burke's Principle, which states that representatives should act upon their own conscience in the affairs of a representative democracy. Nevertheless in practice, the inevitable rise of the well disciplined party system has caused representatives to decide under the

Simple research paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Simple - Research Paper Example Therefore, this essay argues that in order to better solve social problems, we should go beyond the concepts of charity and social responsibility, to a solution that focuses on the diversity of our values, the complexity of our social problems, and a practical approach toward understanding and solving them. Social entrepreneurs possess a powerful combination of clear vision and creativity. Social entrepreneurs view problems as opportunities. Social Entrepreneurship: A Better Solution to Social Problems The market has a very important role in attaining the needs, objectives, values, and interests, which are vital to a well-functioning society. Market processes are vital to the creation and delivery of products/services. However, the government can serve an important function in pricing products/services in a manner that is compatible with social and moral principles, not merely financial concerns. The government should assign value to activities that promote public interest or the gre ater good, and then let the market operate within these values and carry out its own functions (Yunus, 2010, 162). Businesses will always build a strategy to take advantage of the market and generate products/services that will eventually finance the society’s values and interests. Businesses have shown that they can react immediately to market prospects. Once the public begins to put a price on values, such as free education, health care, and sustainable energy, businesses will formulate a strategy to tap on the markets and meet the demand for those social services. Businesses are the source of a society’s wealth; they produce the resources that make social development possible (Light, 2010, 43). The market can be controlled to support and strengthen social values. The market is unprincipled: it values money and ignores social values. Nevertheless, governments, businesses, the society, and individuals can and should perform their duties in a moral way. It is not merel y achievable but essential for the market to exhibit these moral acts if social problems are to be solved (Light, 2010, 30). Because socialism did not succeed and capitalism did, the market is the best instrument society has to solve enormous social problems. The problem with socialism is that it tries to separate the producers from the means of production (Yunus, 2010, 198). But the solution to social problems rests on the unification of capital and labor. Multinationals do not have a choice but to promote corporate social responsibility. The market strongly obliges businesses to act morally and responsibly. Different stakeholders, such as employees and the community, expect businesses to focus not just on financial gains but also on fair workplace practices, responsible corporate governance, and sustainability. Companies that do satisfy these different stakeholder demands have a greater chance of surviving (Bornstein, 2007, 274). Current investors increasingly value environmental sustainability and corporate social responsibility. Investors view CSR as a primary driver of good financial performance, and so they encourage companies to act responsibly (Bornstein, 2007, 276). Businesses, especially those large ones, realized that promoting CSR will certainly increase financial perform

Current Market Conditions Analysis competitive Analysis Essay

Current Market Conditions Analysis competitive Analysis - Essay Example The relationship between the amount of labour and capital employed with regards to the law of diminishing productivity helps management in various ways. The management can be able to alter levels of various inputs in a bid to adjust productivity usually upwards. The main issue that faces management can be deciding what the best level of input is to maximize profit as opposed to maximizing production. As firms vary the number of workers in a bid to vary labour, the addition of more workers strains the small work space and tools. This ultimately leads to down slope in the marginal product of labour. Since land and Capital are the only fixed factors of production, labour would be the only factor varied here. The most substantial effects of the diminishing marginal returns for a company can be its effect on the cost of production. Productivity of labour gets determined by the variable cost of labour. When productivity of a worker goes up the cost of production goes down but when a firm goes through diminishing marginal returns, the productivity goes down. The cost of extra units also begins to raise this, therefore, results in low profits. (Becker 2007) Although making profit may be the key goal for many firms, finding the best way to maximize profits without altering so many inputs in production can be important. Analyzing the best mix of the factors of production varying labour will eventually lead to maximum profits and opportunities for firms. Analyzing primary competitors’ production strategies can also help in evaluating the best way to handle

Witchcraft and Violence in the World Today Essay

Witchcraft and Violence in the World Today - Essay Example As history has shown, fear is a powerful motivator. Perhaps the most well-known example in the United States would be the Salem witch trials in seventeenth-century Massachusetts. This type of violence, often driven by personal vengeance or mass hysteria, can still be found in the world today, and in fact, there are many examples of just such a fear of the unknown causing people to lash out against their neighbors. In the modern world there are several different definitions for the term â€Å"witchcraft.† Stephen Hayes provides an excellent analysis of the problems associated with the terminology as it is used by various people around the world. According to Hayes, many people use the word witchcraft in a traditional manner. To these people using witchcraft means to use dark or black magic to cause harm to others. In essence, these people see the use of witchcraft as evil. In contrast, many followers of the neopagan religion Wicca use the term witchcraft synonymously for their religion. To Wiccans there is nothing evil about the term, save for the violence that was committed against alleged witches throughout history. This paper will use the more traditional definition of witchcraft. The reasoning for this choice can best be summarized by Hayes: â€Å"In normal, non-Wiccan usage †¦ the essence of witchcraft and sorcery is the causing of harm to persons or property by invisible occult means† (339). Tanzania is a country in eastern Africa lying on the Indian Ocean. The majority of the population in this country believes in witchcraft, similar to the beliefs in many other areas of Africa. Elderly women in Tanzania are often accused of witchcraft and murdered. Additionally, according to some researchers, in years when Tanzania suffers unusual rainfall either by drought or flooding then the murders of accused witches double (Kristof, par. 3). However, weather is not the only cause for these murders. Many of the murders are also performed at the beh est of traditional healers who blame the elderly women of performing witchcraft to cause illness in their patients (Dickinson, par. 2). Clearly the murders in Tanzania have many different causes at their roots. Other areas of Africa also have problems with violence against those accused of witchcraft. The Democratic Republic of Congo is located in western central Africa. It, like its eastern neighbor Tanzania, also has problems with attacks on â€Å"witches.† In 2008 there was a massive scare in the country surrounding purported thefts of men’s penises. Several cases of attempted lynching occurred during the incident in which suspected sorcerers were â€Å"accused of using black magic to steal or shrink men’s penises† (Bavier, par. 1). Police in Kinshasa arrested the accused witches as well as their alleged victims in order to avoid the murders associated with a similar incident a decade earlier in Ghana, another African country. The continent of Africa i s not the only place in the world where violence occurs against those who purportedly practice witchcraft. According to Tess Eastman, a woman in India was recently tied to a tree and beaten for being a witch (par. 1). The violence in this case was initiated by a man who had admitted to hiring the woman to heal his wife with magic and prayer. However, the man subsequently accused the woman of witchcraft when his wife’s condition worsened. This accusation was enough for the violence to happen. The attack, while not fatal for the accused witch, was violent enough to result in the arrest of six people, including the original hirer of the woman. While it would be tempting to believe that violence against accused witches only happens halfway around the world from the United States,

Role of Electronic Media in Communication Essay Example for Free

Role of Electronic Media in Communication Essay The role of the Internet in business communication is varied and has come to be of great importance. It can be used to increase effective communication both internally and externally. Use of the Internet can make it easier to connect with others quickly and more often, in addition to exchanging a wide array of media types. It can be used to communicate purchase information to vendors and by customers to ask questions. The factors that make the role of the Internet in business communication important can also cause conflict, depending on the way the medium is used. Email is one of the most popular uses of the internet in business communication. It is widely used for both internal and external communications. Email enables users to communicate with each other at any hour and from several locations. It can also be an effective way to keep track of requests, conversations, and other important data as it provides a record of what was communicated. One of the most significant internal uses of the internet in business communication is the intranet site. This is a website that is only available to the members of a particular organization. It typically serves as both a sort of community bulletin board and a place to access forms, information, and other resources that are necessary or helpful for employees. Most intranet sites are password protected and some even have sections which are only available to certain groups of employees. The transmission of the internet has revolutionized the business arena. The use of the Internet is changing high-tech marketing overnight while different industries have been trying to use it as part of their marketing strategy. It does not only reconfigured the way different firms do business and the way the consumers buy goods and services but it also become instrumental in transforming the value chain from manufacturers to retailers to consumers, creating a new retail distribution channel. Website development is a powerful tool used by different business organizations around the world. It is defined as the process of achieving business objectives utilizing electronic communications technology. Email- Email has evolved into probably the most common form of communication today. Set up mailing lists in your email software for internal communications, vendor news, press releases and customer information. Use a professional email address, preferably with your company’s website address as the suffix, rather than sending from a personal account or a free Web account. Sending bulk emails can result in many of your messages ending up in recipients spam folders or worse, violating the CAN-SPAM act. Contact your Internet service provider to learn if you can send bulk emails from your account and what precautions you’ll need to take to stay within the law, such as including an opt-out provision for people on your list. The convenience of email can lead to impersonal communications — send well wishes and thank-you notes using cards and letters. Press Releases- For generations, the press release has been the standard form of communications between business and the media. Create a list of media contacts and send news regularly. Put a date on each press release and supply contact information for your business, including a persons name, telephone number and email address. Don’t talk about yourself to start your press release — focus on the reader, providing information that makes your information news, not advertising or promotional content. To make sure your press release doesn’t get lost in a flurry of emails to an editor’s inbox, send a print copy of your release via snail mail and follow up with an email. Contact Management Systems- A contact management system is a database of people important to your business that you can sort in a variety of ways. The database should allow you to create lists of customers, clients, media contacts or vendors by contact type, area code, ZIP code, state or other parameters you set up in your database. Some companies create their own contact management systems, others buy sophisticated programs, while others use budget-friendly Web services. In addition to simple email lists, some programs let you create newsletters or other marketing tools to increase your interaction with customers. Phone Systems- Your business will seem more professional if you have a dedicated phone line rather than taking calls on your cellphone. Phone systems allow you to use one phone for multiple lines, play music while customers are on hold, transfer calls to other employees, make conference calls and set up mailboxes. When you buy service from a phone company or your Internet service provider, you might be able to get the phone free, along with a number of upgraded services and free customer support. Video Conferencing- Bringing people together for meetings with video conferencing not only creates a more intimate meeting, but also saves your company thousands of dollars in travel costs. Unlike a telephone conference call, a video call lets different participants show charts, make demonstrations and share drawings, models and mockups. Many computers come with built-in cameras, and attachments are available for many others. Test video conferencing with one other person, then expand to try a few internal meetings before you commit to an important videoconference. 1. Campfire If your business involves frequently collaboration with many different colleagues, clients and vendors, consider using Campfire for real-time chats. Campfire is like instant messaging, but designed exclusively for groups. It also works with any IM client. Campfire’s Web-based, group-chat tool lets you set up password-protected chat rooms and invite others to chat, collaborate and make decisions. You can upload an image file, and it displays right in the chat room for all chat members to see. You can even invite the entire chat room to a conference call with one click. Since it’s Web-based, you don’t need to download, install or configure anything—all you need is a Web browser and an Internet connection. Best of all, a basic package will cost you just $12 per month. 2. Present.ly Present.ly allows individuals to post short, frequent updates that are tracked or followed by others, similar to Twitter. But unlike Twitter, Present.ly provides a secure and private way to do this, enabling users to share updates among members of a company without them being visible to the outside world. The basic service is free. Present.ly enables you to share images, documents, video and audioclips with colleagues. The app is a great way to get quick feedback on a new design mockup, send out new policy documents for human resources or even post pictures from the company picnic. You can also keep the team conversations focused by creating groups for each project or topic of discussion—users will receive messages that are relevant to the topic at hand, and they’re free to move between conversations as desired. 3. Yammer Does your business have team members in multiple locations, or are you a virtual team scattered across the globe? You might want to check out Yammer, which allows you to set up a private social network for your business to communicate, collaborate and share expertise via an easy-to-use, Web-based interface. While the product’s wide range of features makes it appealing to large organizations, small businesses appreciate that Yammer lets you upload and share documents with co-workers and create communities for cases when you’re working with partners outside of your network. SMB owners will also like the price: the basic service is free. 4. Cube Tree Another tool to check out is Cube Tree, Success Factors’ social collaboration technology. Cube Tree combines collaboration tools with a private social network. Users can keep each other up-to-date on their activities by following people and groups of interest, and by posting updates and comments. Cube Tree advances a team’s ability to work efficiently in public and private groups by drawing on a wide array of tools, including blogs, wikis, social docs, polls and task tracking. Cube Tree Basic is free, and Cube Tree Premier costs $5 per month per user. Small businesses that are already using Success Factors’ Employee Performance Management software will also like the fact that Cube Tree uses the same profile and organization data available in other Success Factors modules. For example, when used as part of the recruiting process, Cube Tree can accelerate recruiting by simplifying resume review and discussion on candidates, and it also streamlines the new hire’s onboarding process. 5. Mango Spring Another one-stop-shop for social communication and collaboration is MangoSpring’s MangoSuite, which includes microblogging, chat, document sharing and project management applications that work together in one integrated platform. You can mix and match the functionality you need, and you’ll only pay for what you use, with prices starting at just a few dollars per user per month. MangoSuite pulls together all of your employees’ ideas, deadlines, milestones, threaded discussions, brainstorms, exchanged links and uploaded documents and makes them accessible in a real-time enterprise micro-blogging platform. Similar to how Facebook‘s feed and commenting functionality works, sharing something with the group or project members generates a feed that is visible to the relevant team; users can then comment on any feed item. 6. WizeHive If your company’s online life revolves around e-mail, WizeHive may be the choice for you. WizeHive is a collaboration platform that allows groups to share conversations, notes, tasks, calendars, files and other information in secure, private workspaces. Information can be entered from within WizeHive or via e-mail, Twitter and mobile devices. WizeHive integrates with any e-mail program—you can create new notes or tasks by simply sending a message to a special WizeHive e-mail address with the name of the workspace in the subject. Likewise, you can also receive WizeHive communications from your colleagues via e-mail. The starter package is free for up to three workspaces and 5GB of storage 7. Socialcast Need your social communications technology to integrate with your existing infrastructure? Check out Socialcast. Socialcast allows companies to integrate their traditional systems (such as CRM and ERP) with its social software platform, enabling employees to collaborate and take action on the core processes being carried out by those systems. In terms of core functionality, Socialcast offers internal activity streams, enterprise microblogging, employee profiles, groups, integration with SharePoint and even a desktop app and mobile version. The basic service is free, but for a few dollars per user per month, Socialcast offers Socialcast Reach, which enables integration with CRM systems, ERP systems, HR business systems and more. 8. Facebook Groups Don’t need any of these bells and whistles? You might want to look at Facebook Groups. Your employees are already on Facebook, they know how to use it, and it’s free. While Facebook Groups lacks much of the advanced features of other social collaboration technology, it has just enough functionality for staff to collaborate and work together. They can use Facebook Groups for real-time collaboration, do group chat using Facebook chat, and post photos, news and updates to the group feed. It even has basic document sharing and editing functionality. Best of all, if you want your team to promote your business to their Facebook network, you don’t have to send out an e-mail and hope people share—all you have to do is post an item to your Facebook feed and employees can share with just one click. Conclusion To summarize it all, the emergence of the Internet has undoubtedly changed the business environment in which the firms around the world operate. It has been stated that the Internet has altered industry structure by reducing the costs of coordination in the value chain. The Internet has become a source of competitive benefit by bestowing companies with new ways to outperform their competitors, and spawned new businesses by providing more information. Moreover, the Internet evolves to encourage direct interaction between producers and consumers in markets where consumers have more complete information about goods and services, enabling them to exert substantial control. Further, the rapid growth of the internet has been one of the key factors in changing the rules on how businesses’ compete in the market. The reach and speed of the enhancement along with the distinctive characteristics of interactivity and customization intensify the need for having a modern business approach from the competing industry on the internet serving in their attempt to oppose or leverage the popularity of other competitors. Herein, the strategic importance of the internet in terms of communication is especially evident for the business industry as products/services and the internet has been able to create a to maintain good customer interaction and business transactions. With millions of websites online, the Internet is considered as the most essential communication medium in the world and with millions of customers around, many organisations will have the opportunity to provide the needs of a specific market.

a suitable function of construction industry

a suitable function of construction industry Introduction Until 1958 when the construction industry began to be formulated following rules, construction businesses had suffered a poor reputation due to wrong practices of the past. The construction industry was known as an area of illegality and corruption. Accordingly, it is no exaggeration to say that for Korea’s construction industry, the past six decades were characterized by a war against illegality and corruption. Ironically, the response to this was the introduction of the American type of construction system. In addition, it is notable that competition has been introduced for construction project bidding. To be sure, there were limitations in rooting out illegality and corruption. Through these efforts, however, the nation could establish a modernized delivering system for construction projects over the year. Additionally, it is not too much to say that policy and system were formulated. In meanwhile, large-scale construction accidents frequently occurred due to dishonest work , which will happen in the process of industrialization. In April 2002, the South Korea government announced that it will work more closely with non-governmental actors in the fight against corruption. The government procurement agency announced the introduction of an ombudsman system and a clean procurement committee in an effort to break ties between the government and its contractors. The corruption law also established an anti corruption commission, with a specific mandate to investigate cases involving high rank officials. Before the commission was launched in January 2002, however, its first chairman resigned because of his suspected involvement in a major corruption. Like this, corruption is occurring by human selfishness. There were many accidents through human errors and misdeeds. Sampoong Department Store is one of the examples. On 29 June 1995, a department store building in Seoul suddenly collapsed. It was only five years old and killed 502 people and injured 937 people. The structural collapse of the Sampoong Department Store was not an isolated deviation but a clear omen of deeper problems within society. In the Sampoong collapse, bribery of inspectors was rampant. No one raised any alarm when a huge, unauthorized air-conditioner was erected on the roof of the building which caused enormous cracks in the walls. A probe revealed that the building’s owners sacked contractors who had complained that planned design changes were unsafe. The new contractor, a subsidiary of the store, had no objections. In this accident, at the same time, South Korea’s construction industry had been attacked by man-made disasters even before the Sampoong Department Store tragedy. In this paper, the main reasons of the collapse and evaluation of this collapse will be briefly described. Background The Sampoong building had two wings, with one housing the department store and the other sports and leisure facilities. The wing that collapsed was the one housing the department store. It was built by Sampoong Construction and Industry Company and completed in November 1989. An addition to the building was completed in October 1994. The building housed 556 departments with 681 employees. It stood 27.6 meters high and sat on a 29,008-square-meter.The four underground floors consisted of a parking place and an electricity control room. Three of the collapsed building’s floors which comprised the department store was operated by Sampoong Construction Company whose engineering ranks 858th among the nation’s construction firms. If it was careful, the warning signs that could have prevented the collapse of the Sampoong Department Store came as early as 15days before the accident. At that time, a restaurateur on the fifth floor reported a crack on the ceiling of the building to management. But, management’s response was lukewarm, and management took no action. Then, 5 days before, a customer who had entered the same restaurant to get something to eat after some routine weekend shopping, was showered with a water leak from the ceiling of the restaurant. Three days before the collapse, a report of a gas leak again went unheeded by the department store management. On the day of the collapse, June 29, the signs that should have set off alarm bells appeared before opening hours in the restaurants on the fifth floor. Around 9:30 a.m., the floor of the restaurant cracked open slightly. An environmental technician reported the incident to the management. Top executives of the department store stopped by an hour later, mumbling something about seeking professional assessment. Between 11a.m to 12p.m, neighbouring restaurants were experiencing water leaks from ceilings and cracks in the floors. Only at this point did the management close off the fifth floor, while the other floors continued with business as usual. Sometimes after 1 p.m., a breakdown of air conditioning and gas services as well as a power failure occurred throughout the department store. The management met around 3 p.m. for an emergency meeting without notifying the employees and shoppers of the situation. When things were at their worst, the executives of the department management lef t the building, consequently leaving many employees and shoppers still inside. At 6p.m. on 29 June, the centre of the building collapsed, similar to a controlled implosion, in 20 seconds. Customers were concentrated in the basement and in the fifth floor restaurant. The customers and employees had no time to escape. Some survivors were found in the wreckage, and one was brought out 17 days after the collapse. The overall death toll was 502. Corruption The main issues addressed in this paper are corruption, frequent design change and maintenance repair in South Korea. The first section of this paper will examine corruption in the collapse of the Sampoong Department Store. This report was delivered by Seoul District Prosecutors Office, entitled The Final White Book of Finding out the Real Truth of the Collapse of the Sampoong Department Store. The public was outraged. In particular, the news that the senior executives had fled the building without warning others was disturbing. The report on the collapse, as well as earlier structural and construction failures, suggested a widespread pattern of corruption in the country’s construction business. A government survey of high-rise structures found 14% were unsafe and needed to be rebuilt, 84% required repairs, and only 2% met standards. Joon Lee, the chairman of Sampoong, and his son Han-Sang Lee, were convicted and sent to prison for 10 and half years and 7 years, respectively. Twelve local building officials were found guilty of taking bribes of as much as $17,000 for approving changes and providing a provisional use certificate. The cause of the Sampoong collapse, then, was not a technical issue as much as outright fraud. The Korean construction industry, protected by government regulation from outside competition, had become complacent. Bribes were used to get around the usual government checks and balances that serve to protect public safety. Relationship problem between the architects and builders In the design planning process, relationship and communication between architectural designers and structural designers are important. Generally, if their relationship and communication are in discord some construction works, it can bring out accidents such as Sampoong Department Store collapse. This paragraph begins by laying out the theoretical dimensions of the research and looks at how design problems occurred in this collapse. In recent years, the subject of the design quality has become one of the important issues in the domestic construction industry. However, important design processes are made by judgement of the architect without the rational communication and information sharing among the related participants. Therefore, the objective of this research suggests the constitution plan of design error management system not only for systematizing types about the design error in construction projects but also for analyzing the primary factors of design error to embody the actual condition of trouble between architects and builders. Normally, in South Korea, builders think know-how is more important but architects think that beauty of art and quality what contractor ordered, are more important so that there were lack of communication of information and a narrow sense between architects and builders. Relationship and communication problem between architectural designers and Structural designers Generally, design drawings are distributed, such as architectural design drawing, structural design drawing, mechanical facility design drawing, electric facility design drawing and engineering design drawing. Structural calculations need to be correct in order to ensure the safety of the building and structural design drawing with structural calculations need to be written exactly and used on-site. Mechanical facility and electric facility design drafts are written considering the calculations which were reviewed in advance about facility capacity or standards according to the structure calculations in the structure design drawings which include the safety of a building and standards. In the process of structural design planning which affected the most important reason of the collapse, architectural designer and structural designers decided the scale of a building, stories, appearance and use in the early architecture plan and then on a basic structure plan like pitch of columns or structure style. The architectural designer writes the architectural design draft first, and the structure designer carries out structure calculations according to all conditions given in the architecture blueprint which the architectural designer wrote. In many cases, however, architectural designers distribute structural design drafts which are calculations made by structural designers. As the result, structural designers are different with structural draft authors, so that structural designers’ design can be changed by authors who may make fatal errors. In this accident, it the relationship and communication between architectural designers (architect) and structural designers (structural experts) was not adequate, and their communication was only call and memoranda, so that they had not exchanged information. Thus, structural calculations, structural drafts and construction drafts were different. Design problems There were many structural and architectural problems in the Sampoong Department Store collapse. This paragraph will describe problems of use change and flat slab systems in the problems. Firstly, construction of the Sampoong Department Store was a flat slab system. The flat slab system can be defined as a construction method that builds safely several columns established in the upper part inside of the building. However, the weak point of this system is many columns. So, this flat slab system is insufficient to department store buildings because if there are lots of columns in the building, the space will be narrow. So, structural designers removed block walls for the purpose of making wide clearances to sell products and punched a passage for an escalator. Also, size and shape of uplift column was changed. In flat slab system, the column is very important but structural designers of Sampoong Department Store had neglected design load calculus. Moreover, even though the fifth floor was made, column size was lessened 25% (79cm to 58cm) for appearance and even columns located near the escalator were lessened more. Secondly, the use of the Sampoong Department Store was four stories office building at first and this building was approved as a four stories building. However, owners of the building wanted to change to a department store building and the owners referred it to Woosung Construction Company. Constructors and managers of Woosung Co. opposed that because it needed more columns and thicker columns. Thereupon, the head of the Sampoong group changed Construction Company to own Sampoong Construction Company. Lastly, the five stories Sampoong Department Store were built without reinforcement of uplift columns by the company. The most serious problem was the fifth floor. The fifth floor was the restaurant area and the interior was composed of a Korean floor heater for a luxury Korean traditional restaurant so that, 30cm concrete was added for the Korean floor heater. Also, heavy kitchen equipment was needed. As the result, the whole building collapsed when these added loads affected columns. Maintenance problems This paragraph explains the maintenance of collapse of this Sampoong Department store. Sampoong made significant changes to the structure. The most important was the conversion of the original use as an office block to that of a department store. Other changes included changing the upper floor from a roller-skating rink to a traditional Korean restaurant. Stricter standards had to be met for fire, air conditioning and evacuation. Although the structure apparently met all building code requirements, the revised design was radically different from the original. This accident was a man-made disaster that the government official allowed haughty businessman who brought out blind money as a result and the building company built it. Conclusion The construction work of Sampoong Department store was started on July 1987 and opened on December 1st 1989 with Temporary Use Permit and operated for 5 years. Unlike a normal building framework using beam and column, its structure system uses Flat Slab structure so that the floor slab supports the column by itself without any beam. In a flat Slab structure, one column can stand the same amount of stress so that the collapse of one column can cause progressive collapse which can be them the entire building. Investigating the present state of collapse was analyzed minutely and based on this analysis, the design, construction work, and maintenance of this building was discovered as the direct and indirect cause of collapse. As a result, the collapse of this building was brought from a flaw in design, unreliable construction work, and maintenance problems interacting with each other for long term. A brief summary is the following. Firstly, the one that influenced collapse the most is the maintenance problem. Changing design and use, without any approval, causing additional overweight to be added and also cutting structures left the whole building structure with low durability. Secondly, in the process of construction work, managing the work and superintendence was negligent which caused part of the collapse. Thirdly, inappropriate construction and structure plan caused progressive collapse. Moreover, neglecting safety diagnosis on the long term cracks and sinking process and insufficient managing of crucial moments like right before the collapse brought about a disastrous accident. Finally, those causes, which continued for 5 years, gave no security and safety, and at the end, around the fifth floor, the roof slab was destroyed and the adjoining slab destroyed, which caused progressive collapse. A building can maintain safe conditions through fine design, construction work/supervision and appropriate maintenance. However, if a domestic construction system does not include a structure expert who puts safety first anywhere in the process of design, construction work/supervision and maintenance, there will be major problems. According to the law for architect, article 4 clause 1 and clause 2, designing and supervision of construction can only be done by an architect, and blocks the structure expert from designing and supervising the construction from the beginning. In addition, the law for architect article 2 clause 2 states that structure expert has subordinate relationship with architect, so that structure expert is not at the position where he can take responsible for the safety. Such a system cannot be found in developed countries except in Korea. For example, America does not limit the construction right to either architect or structure expert and Germany gives right to design structure only to structure expert. Also, Japan and Singapore structure expert takes care of structure design. Especially in Germany and other EU, client or representative picks ‘safety coordinator’ who takes charge of every process from beginning to the end, such as consulting and superintendence. To look at design, construction work/supervision and maintenance of Sampoong department store closely, structure expert was never in the responsible position so that he did not finish his work with responsibility. Moreover, the current domestic system had no coordinator who could point out faulty structure design and construction so that an architect who was responsible for construction asked the structure expert only for structural calculations and used them on the structure layout. When use and design were changed, the architect only asked the structure expert orally or in memo form and not with any official document. It seemed that structure expert was legally only in an assistant position which made it harder to ask for formal documents and the structural expert also did not have any obligation to be responsible for the structure problem since they are only an assistant. Recently constructions with size over fixed standard or for special needs are required to have affixing a seal of structure expert on the structure layout. However this is only the action of affixing a seal from the structural expert, it does not mean that they are responsible for construction like in other developed countries. In Korea, the current system does not have any way to prove the faulty safe the issues from in the process of design, approval, and construction/supervision like Germany or EU. In the deliberation for a Construction Permit, structure field is handled but it’s only 10 or 20 minutes which is impossible time to point out any problem in the structure and examine an entire complex design perfectly so that the Construction Permit is only a formal document to avoid responsibility. In conclusion, although common administrative regulations should be softened in order to solve inconvenience of the people and the vitalization of market, strengthening the regulations to protect the nation and their property is a global trend. To take this into consideration, experts who can take care of their work with responsibility and specialty is essential and needed on every step in the process of design, construction/supervision, and maintenance in order to prevent the reappearance of such a disaster like the collapse of the Sampoong department store.

Masculinity in Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre :: Charlotte Bronte Jane Eyre Essays

Masculinity in Charlotte Bronte's Jane Eyre Throughout the novel 'Jane Eyre' we meet 5 male characters. Immediately we can notice that the number of female characters outweighs the number of male characters. It feels as though BrontÃÆ'Â « is trying to tell us that overall women will come out more influential and powerful than men. Indeed power is what our male characters have in common. Their power however alters from character to character. This is the common version of masculinity portrayed by Bront throughout 'Jane Eyre'. Many men at the time of the novel were very powerful, this power varied from wealth, influential positions and even whom you knew. Women were not entitled to their own opinions and their husbands or fathers made all the decisions. Jane however defies the conventions of the time. She has her own opinions and is not prepared to take orders from the powerful men in the novel. With power comes other traits, and this is where we can differentiate between the characters. Brocklehurst and St John both have power through the position they hold (Brocklehurst being in charge of the girls' school and St John being a parson), whereas John Reed and Rochester have power through wealth. Mr Lloyd (the apothecary) is perhaps the only man in the novel without any real power and he is the only person who listens to Jane. Rochester's masculinity is the most important, as he represents the best and worst of a man. His masculinity is typical of this period and he is shown ordering Jane around, 'bring me my horse', most women were obliging to men as they were the authority in society, although Jane resents this authority and wants to do things her own way. So from this we can see that the masculinity he shows typical of the time and incredibly dominant and powerful over women in the novel, especially Jane. As the novel progresses however Rochester becomes less masculine during the fire at Thornfield he loses everything, here we can compare him to Jane because; at the beginning she too doesn't have anything. In loosing everything he loses his masculinity and power. He no longer has his house, 'I saw blackened ruins'. His house is part of his power and this is no longer there. He also looses his sight and his hand, Jane becomes his, 'eyes and hands', and Rochester is reliant on her, 'I led him out of the wet wild wood'. The role of the dominant one is reversed. Here Rochester shows very little masculinity as he is now not in charge. Jane saves Rochester but equally he saves her, from St Masculinity in Charlotte Bronte's Jane Eyre :: Charlotte Bronte Jane Eyre Essays Masculinity in Charlotte Bronte's Jane Eyre Throughout the novel 'Jane Eyre' we meet 5 male characters. Immediately we can notice that the number of female characters outweighs the number of male characters. It feels as though BrontÃÆ'Â « is trying to tell us that overall women will come out more influential and powerful than men. Indeed power is what our male characters have in common. Their power however alters from character to character. This is the common version of masculinity portrayed by Bront throughout 'Jane Eyre'. Many men at the time of the novel were very powerful, this power varied from wealth, influential positions and even whom you knew. Women were not entitled to their own opinions and their husbands or fathers made all the decisions. Jane however defies the conventions of the time. She has her own opinions and is not prepared to take orders from the powerful men in the novel. With power comes other traits, and this is where we can differentiate between the characters. Brocklehurst and St John both have power through the position they hold (Brocklehurst being in charge of the girls' school and St John being a parson), whereas John Reed and Rochester have power through wealth. Mr Lloyd (the apothecary) is perhaps the only man in the novel without any real power and he is the only person who listens to Jane. Rochester's masculinity is the most important, as he represents the best and worst of a man. His masculinity is typical of this period and he is shown ordering Jane around, 'bring me my horse', most women were obliging to men as they were the authority in society, although Jane resents this authority and wants to do things her own way. So from this we can see that the masculinity he shows typical of the time and incredibly dominant and powerful over women in the novel, especially Jane. As the novel progresses however Rochester becomes less masculine during the fire at Thornfield he loses everything, here we can compare him to Jane because; at the beginning she too doesn't have anything. In loosing everything he loses his masculinity and power. He no longer has his house, 'I saw blackened ruins'. His house is part of his power and this is no longer there. He also looses his sight and his hand, Jane becomes his, 'eyes and hands', and Rochester is reliant on her, 'I led him out of the wet wild wood'. The role of the dominant one is reversed. Here Rochester shows very little masculinity as he is now not in charge. Jane saves Rochester but equally he saves her, from St

Facundo or Civilization and Barbarism by Domingo R. Sarmiento Essay

Facundo or Civilization and Barbarism by Domingo R. Sarmiento "Facundo or, Civilization and Barbarism," by Domingo F. Sarmiento is a book which talks about the many topics of government and political situations in which Argentina was involved. Mary Mann is the translator of the book and the introduction is by Ilan Stavans. The time period the story takes place in is the nineteenth century, but the book was written in 1845. The geographic areas in which the events take place are Argentina, Chile, and most of the southernmost part of South America, such as Uruguay and Paraguay. To add to the setting, the book talks about the terrain, which includes the Andes Mountains, the plains, and the forest. The principal characters in the book are Domingo F. Sarmiento, Juan Facundo Quiroga, a caudillo, and Argentina's dictator Juan Manuel de Rosas. Sarmiento's main points for writing this book were to discredit the caudillos and Rosas. Also, to show the truth about how things were in Argentina. When taking a look at this book, a person must take a look at the society and politics of the area to see how these things go hand in hand in Argentina. First of all, Rosas was the presidential dictator at the time and had the reputation of a tyrant. The Inhabitants of the land where mostly Spanish, Indian natives. Most of Argentina’s land was filled with deserted areas due to the low population, and the fact that not many people lived in Argentina's vast mountains and plain areas. This vast land was so large, that most governments could not control it, and criminals could basically do, as they wanted. Most of these criminals, gauchos, barbarians, or call them what you will overran these plains and mountains. It was the behavio... ...n good. Just like that of Facundo, when he took over Argentina and implemented his own governing and caused chaos. Both of these gauchos show you that they just strive to do what they want for themselves to make them happy and not the people of nation. The final comparisons is how one can see the liberal ideas of Sarmiento fighting against the more conservative ideas of the gaucho which were going against the civilization in Argentina. For example, Sarmiento wants to end the dictatorship and caudilloism, for these two held down the people’s individual rights and caused obstacles to the advance of civilization. The leaders in the dictatorship and caudilloism try to retain their own ideas and force them on everyone, not allowing for freedom of ideas or rights. In the end Sarmiento wins over the gauchos in Argentina and causes an advance in Argentina’s civilization.

Animal testing Essay -- essays research papers fc

The Use of animals for Laboratory Testing There has been an on going debate on whether to use animals for laboratory testing. There are people now saying the use of animals in laboratory testing is not necessary and there are other alternatives. Many of these people claim the tests that are performed on the animals are not particularly valid. On the other hand, others claim that laboratory testing has been depended on animals to achieve medical advances. Whether or not the use of animals in laboratory test is a matter of opinion. It will take the necessary investigation and consideration to figure out what needs to be done. Taking a closer look at each issue will help to show the use of laboratory testing should not be used. There are three issues that show the use of animals in laboratory testing should not be used: cruel, unnecessary, and there are other alternatives. The most obvious issue not to use animals in laboratory testing is it’s cruel to animals. Animals used in the labatories are used for testing drugs, vaccines, and consumer products. Million of innocent animals die each year to determine the safety of products for humans. â€Å"To my mind life of the lamb is no less precious that that of a human being. I should be unwilling to take the life of the lamb for the sake of the human body. I hold that, the more helpless a creature, the more entitled it is to protection by man from the cruelty of man† (Vincent 13). There are 2.5 million an...

Vulnerability: Disability and Family Reform Act

The Association of Directors of Social Services (1991) defined a vulnerable adult by the client group: the elderly and frail, those with a mental illness (including dementia), those with a sensory, physical or learning disability, and those with severe physical disability. The current definition, in the Department of Health guidance â€Å"No secrets†, states that a vulnerable adult is â€Å"a person who is or may be in need of community care services by reason of mental or other disability, age or illness; and who may be unable to take care of him or herself, or unable to protect themselves against harm or exploitation† (DOH, 2000).The age of majority (becoming an adult) was identified by The Family Reform act in 1969 as 18 years or older. Leffers et al (2004) summarises that the concept of vulnerability in healthcare refers to those who are susceptible to harm. It is often perceived as the opposite of power (Phillips and Bramlett, 1994). Vulnerability is an important i n that the majority of nursing practice is spent helping those who are in a vulnerable position, or helping them avoid vulnerability.Spiers (2000) recognises that nursing has been slow in developing theoretical constructs of vulnerability. In healthcare it should be considered on an individual basis. Rogers (1992) developed a system which focuses on the person as a constituent of their environment, which is relevant as a nursing framework for addressing vulnerability. Vulnerability is important due to its implications for health. Being vulnerable can lead to stress and anxiety, which has an effect on a person’s physical, social, psychological, and environmental well-being. Vulnerability: Disability and Family Reform Act The Association of Directors of Social Services (1991) defined a vulnerable adult by the client group: the elderly and frail, those with a mental illness (including dementia), those with a sensory, physical or learning disability, and those with severe physical disability. The current definition, in the Department of Health guidance â€Å"No secrets†, states that a vulnerable adult is â€Å"a person who is or may be in need of community care services by reason of mental or other disability, age or illness; and who may be unable to take care of him or herself, or unable to protect themselves against harm or exploitation† (DOH, 2000).The age of majority (becoming an adult) was identified by The Family Reform act in 1969 as 18 years or older. Leffers et al (2004) summarises that the concept of vulnerability in healthcare refers to those who are susceptible to harm. It is often perceived as the opposite of power (Phillips and Bramlett, 1994). Vulnerability is an important i n that the majority of nursing practice is spent helping those who are in a vulnerable position, or helping them avoid vulnerability.Spiers (2000) recognises that nursing has been slow in developing theoretical constructs of vulnerability. In healthcare it should be considered on an individual basis. Rogers (1992) developed a system which focuses on the person as a constituent of their environment, which is relevant as a nursing framework for addressing vulnerability. Vulnerability is important due to its implications for health. Being vulnerable can lead to stress and anxiety, which has an effect on a person’s physical, social, psychological, and environmental well-being.

Lebanon War 2006 Essay

The Lebanon War of 2006 began on July 12th, when Hezbollah launched a rocket attack on Israeli military positions stationed near the border between Lebanon and Israel. In the minutes during the ensuing chaos, Hezbollah militants crossed the border into Israel, and kidnapped two Israeli soldiers who they intended to use as collateral in a prisoner exchange with Israel. The war lasted until August 13, 2006, at which point the United Nations intervened. During the war, both sides targeted civilian areas, resulting in the deaths of over one thousand civilians and the displacement of thousands more. In an account of the 2006 Lebanese War published by the Anti-Defamation League, Hezbollah militants are accused of launching rockets into Israel with the intention of harming civilians. Conversely, it is explained that the Israeli military targeted Lebanese civilian areas because Hezbollah has been known to operate out and live amongst civilian homes and stores. In addition, it appears that the author of the account places the blame upon Hezbollah for igniting the war against Israel by launching rockets across the border in the years following the departure of Israeli forces from Lebanon, after the Lebanese Civil War and the Israeli siege on Beirut. The ADL reports that there were over twenty occurrences of attacks launched by Hezbollah militants on Israel between 2000 and 2006. The ADL, however, does not conclude its account of the events without addressing errors made by Israel. Many Israelis allegedly held their own government accountable for the destruction of parts of the country, not because the government retaliated against Hezbollah’s attack, but because â€Å"the military and country had been ill-prepared for the conflict and its soldiers ill-equipped† (ADL). Such accusations prompted the Israeli Prime Minister to order a commission of inquiry to address the accusations. In 2007 and 2008, the Winograd Commission announced that questionable decision making had taken place during the war by Israeli government officials. Rasha Salti’s personal account of the 2006 war from the perspective of a citizen living in Beirut makes no mention of Israel’s self-proclaimed guilt, however. Her compilation of notes written during the war instead portray the violent attacks and practical demolition of Lebanon – a country that had only recently managed to rebuild itself after the conclusion of the fifteen year civil war in 1990. Her frustration about the situation and her devastating accounts of civilian casualties during the 2006 war blame only the Israeli military and government because of the brutal force and destruction used against Lebanon. Salti even makes reference to the abduction of the Israeli soldiers, and criticizes the Israeli government for overreacting and launching a war against Lebanon in retaliation. The ADL’s description provides factual data that is not included in Salti’s â€Å"siege notes†, and alternately the â€Å"siege notes† provide a personal account of the war that any reader would be able to relate to and identify with. Despite reporting upon Israel’s Winograd Commission, the ADL clearly maintains the perspective that Hezbollah functions as a terrorist organization and was at fault for the 2006 Lebanon War. Salti, on the other hand, conveys a clear message about Israel’s vicious military and menacing government. The comparison of documents such as the ADL and Salti accounts of the 2006 Lebanon War illuminates the importance of collecting multiple sources of information before drawing conclusions about any historical event. References: http://www.mepc.org/ http://www.google.com

Compare and Contrast the Education System in China

Compare and contrast the education system in China with the English education system After the appearance of culture, an important public service came into being, that is education. However, different countries have different forms of educations. According to the internet, it is found that there are many differences between them education system in China and English education system. The differences between these two education can be seen in terms of teaching style, subjects, and exams. The first difference is teaching style, which is the biggest difference caused by values and traditions.In China, students do not have group work. They only need to listen to the teacher and take notes. But English students have a lot of group work instead of only listening to the teacher and taking notes. Relative to China, the English teacher are friendlier and the class are more relaxed. In the United Kingdom, students express their opinions and focus on experimentation. However, in China, students mainly focus on the knowledge and the books, and try to remember everything that maybe contained in the exam. Thus, education in China and English education system differ in the aspects of teaching style.The second difference is subjects. In the United Kingdom, students can choose a few subjects in every term, and they do many practices. However, in China, students have tense load of subject and can have 6 – 10 subjects each term. English students focus on every subject, but Chinese students only concerned about some of the subjects which are related to exam. Therefore, the subjects taken in China and United Kingdom are different. A third difference is exams, which are used to test students’ learning outcomes or as an entrance of school. Chinese schools have a lot of exams both in universities and secondary schools.In the United Kingdom, some of the schools only have an entrance exam. Chinese schools enroll students based on entrance exam scores and previous results. Exams in United Kingdom are mainly made up of practical questions. But in China, it is mainly to check their memory. As mentioned earlier, education system in China and English education system differs in their exams. In conclusion, we can see that these two education systems differ a lot in teaching style, subjects and exams. It is difficult to decide which one is better. As far as I can see, measure an education system depends on its quality of education instead of the level of scores.

Failure Analysis/Change Strategy Essay

There should also be a strategy in mind when it comes to businesses in order to prevent failure. The company should have everything documented all the way from budgeting, goals, employees and other important factors that a business will need in order to succeed. There are two companies that are great examples of a business failure and success. The failure would be Blockbuster (movie rental company) and Starbucks (coffee shop). These two companies have been around for years. However, one of the companies failed recently, which is Blockbuster. The objective, vision and mission for Blockbuster was to provide a great service for families and friends to enjoy the presence of movies as if they were at the theatre. Blockbuster was a company that served the public for many years. Having the ability to rent movies from different years and all categories is what helped the business succeed. The vision was to give individuals the ability to see movies that were no longer at the movie theater or on television. The mission was to provide media entertainment. The objective, vision and mission for Starbucks is to provide quality coffee to customers and keep them satisfied. The individuals that work for the company must have an enthusiastic personality to fit the company and keep customers smiling. This has helped them to remain successful along with serving a great beverage. This company also has different franchises all over the world to meet the needs of customers. The indicators from the failure of Blockbuster has a lot to do with structure. There are many companies out there now that are more convenient when it comes to movie rentals. Individuals are able to order movies online and from the actual cable company. There are also movie stands in front of certain stores and individuals can rent those at ease. This business would not be able to keep up with all the advanced technology. The success from Starbucks would be the quality of leadership style that the company possess and structure. The structure of the business is set up in many places which  provides better access for consumers. Any place that a person may go, there is likely to be a Starbucks around to grab a hot cup of coffee. This keeps the company booming and convenience for the customers which keeps them satisfied. This business will to continue to grow with all the different franchises that are also produced.

Questions on Western Heritage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Questions on Western Heritage - Essay Example The Greco-Roman culture was restored and the period saw transformations in many areas such as the growth of city-states, mastery of arts, secularism and emphasis on the individual. There was also use of slaves, strengthening of papacy, and intellectual growth based on study of classical literary works of Greece and Rome (Spielvogel, 347- 352). Q2: How events or developments in Renaissance mark a break or departure from the key characteristics of middle Ages. The middle Ages were characterized by lack of classical culture and were the period 1000yrs between the end of Roman Empire and the new era of renaissance. The developments in renaissance marked a breakaway from the characteristics of the middle ages in that it emphasized on individuality, secularism and revival of antiquity. The middle Ages were characterized by many problems such as political disorder, economic recession and Black Death. During renaissance, the economy was recovering hence the growth of trade and increased weal th for merchants. As a result, there was need for cheap labor in form of slaves hence the emergence of slave trade. During middle ages, slaves were used in agricultural activities and slavery had declined but during Renaissance, slaves were skilled workers for making handcraft goods or as nursemaids and playboys (Spielvogel, 345). Due to economic recovery and increased wealth, the Italians reverted to secularism instead of Christian moral principles which were emphasized during middle ages (Spielvogel, 341). Morality was abandoned as basis for analysis of political activity; therefore, a ruler could break the rules and do wrong if necessary. According to Machiavelli, a leader was supposed to secure allies and win wars by force or fraud. The Catholic Church was also broken down to protestant churches due to the spirit of secularism which brought about corruption in the church. Another event that marked departure from Middle Ages was the intellectual renaissance. The antiques of the G reeks and Romans were revived and used in study of humanity. Individuals were seen as possessing abilities which they could utilize for perfecting their art. The individual was viewed as â€Å"a universal person capable of achieving in many areas of life’ (Spielvogel, 341). Individuals were thus taught using literary works of the Greece and Rome and were engaged in various occupations instead of relying on the clergy. Q3: What was humanism? How does it reflect this new spirit of Renaissance? Spielvogel defines humanism as â€Å"an intellectual movement based on the study of classical literary works of Greece and Rome† (p. 352). The materials studied and taught in schools as humanities include: grammar, poetry, ethics, and history. Besides teaching, other humanists were involved in other occupations such as secretaries in city-states. The humanist movement is credited with the development of renaissance in the 14th century. Humanism reflects the new spirit of Renaissan ce through the ideas of humanists such as Leonardo Bruni (1370-1444) who uses Cicero as an inspiration for an ideal Renaissance. The spirit of Renaissance is reflected in the way individuals are encouraged to participate in the life of the state. He emphasized that intellectuals should live active lives for the sake of

Research business proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Research business proposal - Essay Example In addition to integration into corporate structures and processes, CSR also frequently involves creating innovative and proactive solutions to societal and environmental challenges, as well as collaborating with both internal and external stakeholders to improve CSR performance (McDonald & Rundle-Thiele, 2008). The proposed research paper will address the issue of definition as well the nature of the challenges calling for public and private sector action on the CSR front. It also intends to outline components that can be used by businesses and other organizations to review and potentially enhance their performance in relation to CSR. It will further explore the best practices on the part of industry to attain positive and proactive outcomes on CSR. Additionally, the proposed research paper will also provide an outlook of Industry activities and initiatives that support the promotion of CSR and that define and provide pragmatic viewpoints on the linkages between CSR and innovation. It will also offer some recommendations for the further exploration of CSR. There are different concepts and factors that are considered of importance in the operation and management of different types and forms of organizations. One of the said factors is the corporate social responsibility or CSR. The terms can be considered synonymous to corporate responsibility, corporate citizenship or responsibility in business. ... 3.3. Data collection method . 15 3.4. Ethical issues.. 16 3.5. Data analysis & Nature and form of results... 17 3.6. Variables 17 4.0. References 18 5.0. Appendix. 19 1.0. Introduction 1.1. Background There are different concepts and factors that are considered of importance in the operation and management of different types and forms of organizations. One of the said factors is the corporate social responsibility or CSR. The terms can be considered synonymous to corporate responsibility, corporate citizenship or responsibility in business. The main principle for the said concept is the need of the company to take responsibility on its operation on the basis of the fact that the establishment of an enterprise can affect the community and the environment one way or another (Catalyst Consortium, 2002). The detrimental effects of the continuous industrialization and modernization of the corporate world had turned the trend of the organizations and companies from the objectives of financial prowess solely towards expansion of aims and priorities in terms of responsibilities thus including the welfare of the environments and surroundings including the adjacent communities and other issues related to ethics and behaviours of the employees and the members of the company or organization. The CSR then can be defined on the basis of giving attention to three objectives that includes the profitability in the financial aspect, the social responsibility and the environmental issues and concerns (Catalyst Consortium, 2002). 1.2. Problem Statement and objectives Corporate social responsibility can be said as idea whereby business organizations consider the interests of society by taking obligations for the

Should drugs and steroids be legalized in professional sports Research Paper

Should drugs and steroids be legalized in professional sports - Research Paper Example III. Negative Effects of Steroid Use. (i) Risks for the human body (ii) Risks for Men (iii) Risks for Women IV. Steroids in College Athletics and Professional Sports (i) Reasons for steroids use (ii) Testing for Steroid Use (iii) Incidents in the lives of Professional Athletes as a result of Steroid Use V. Steroid Use in the Adolescent Population (i) The "Hero Factor" (ii) Peer Pressure (iii) Risks for Teenagers who abuse steroids VI. Conclusion Ways of discouraging steroid use Name Professor Module Date Should Drugs and Steroids be legalized in Professional Sports? INTRODUCTION Eitzen, Stanley, & George, Sage. Sociology of North American Sport 7th Edition. California: McGraw Hill, 2003. Anabolic steroids refer to group molecules that contain synthetic analogs of testosterone as well as the authentic male sex hormone, testosterone. In the present sports scene, many athletes use anabolic steroids in order to build up on muscle mass. The history of the use of steroids goes back to the 1930s. Steroids first appeared in World War 2 when they were developed for the German army and legalized so that German soldiers could use them to be more destructive in war. After the war, American as well as European doctors often used steroids to take care of blood disorders such as anemia. Today, most steroids are utilized in veterinary medicine in the production of meat. Steroids help in building more muscle in lean beef cattle. Steroids are also used to generate muscle mass in race dogs and horses. According to this Sage and Fitzen, there is evidence to suggest that there are more than 3,000,000 standard anabolic steroid users in America even though they have not been legalized. Most of these users procure anabolic steroids through illegal means. ... Most of these users procure anabolic steroids through illegal means. According to these authors, who have comprehensively addressed different issues concerning the use of anabolic steroids, it is mainly the healthy athletes who turn to steroids in order to improve their already amazing performances in sports. The colloquial name for steroids, by which it is commonly referred in the streets, is ‘juice’ or ‘roids’. Benefits of Steroid Usage Assael, Shaun. Steroid Nation: Juiced Home Run Totals, Anti-aging Miracles and a Hercules in Every High School: The Secret History of America's True Drug Addiction. New York: ESPN, 2007. According to Assael, who has given a graphic account of the extent of steroid abuse among teenagers as well as professional athletes, steroids are not just the preference of athletes in sports that value a ragged physique (Assael 93). Some male and female athletes in different sports fields such as weightlifters, body builders, football pla yers, baseball players, runners, tennis players, basket ballers and swimmers have in the past used steroids to enhance their performances. In the present sports culture where many sport’s body’s have began to institute regulations that call for regular testing of athletes in order to counter steroid use, there are many tests that athletes in competitions like the Olympics have to undergo. This has not been successful in lessening steroid use, but has simply served to cause athletes to come up with more ingenious ways of ingesting steroids. By imitating the anabolic impact of testosterone, athletes believe that steroids help in generating additional tissues, contributes towards muscle recovery when they experience injuries in the field and

Business-Supply Chain Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Business-Supply Chain - Essay Example These are competitive times. While the petrochemicals sector may not be that much competitive, the electronics industry has a numerous players with similar product profile. Therefore, the company needs to focus its attention on the businesses in such a manner that both segments get due attention. In fact of late, due to the recessionary trends, the petrochemical business too has come under pressure and efficiency has become an important yardstick for survival in the industry. Therefore in order to be successful in the industry the company will have to resolve some of the issues, which appear to be not in line with the professional standards. Some such issues include; i. The Nebraska facility is not able to deliver quality products and services. David A Garvin (1984) suggests that there are 7 dimensions of quality which are performance, features, reliability, conformance, durability, serviceability and aesthetics. But in case of Canbide couple of these dimensions require due attention. b. Customers, who need to pick up multiple products, are made to around the 2km by 1km facility, which leads to undue harassment of the customer and a bad image for the company. In addition when customer keep frequenting inside the production facility, this is bound to lead to further delays in the production schedule and meeting the targets. Hauser and Katz (1998) point out that mere investment in new technology doesn’t guarantee success. Such an investment need to be matched with value creation for the stakeholders for survival and success. In this case, the stakeholders like customers and employees are not in best position to feel comfortable with the arrangement being made within the company premises. v. The copier rehab facility near Charleston, SC receives "trade-in" copiers from distributors across the country and restores them to "good as new" condition.